Bakre, Olayemi RahmanDorasamy, Nirmala2018-05-172018-05-172016Bakre, O. and Dorasamy, N. 2016. Creating economic viability in rural South Africa through water resource management in subsistence farming. Environmental Economics. 7(4): 68-77.1998-6041 (print)1998-605X (online)http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2968The purpose of this paper is to analyze the role water resources management can play in improving subsistence farming in rural South Africa, as well as reducing poverty. The study followed a mixed research approach where attributes of qualitative and quantitative methods were used. This paper indicates that due to water scarcity experienced amongst subsistence farmers in case study area, several farmers have opted out of farming. This has a negative consequence on food security and poverty among many subsistence farmers. The paper suggests the pathways for sustainable subsistence farming aimed at creating an economically viable rural community while addressing poverty through the implementation of an efficient water resources management practice. As highlighted in this paper, development is a gradual process, and water resources management can possibly be the first step in creating an economically viable community while alleviating poverty among subsistence farmers in water scarce rural areas of South Africa. Revamping the subsistence farming, as well as improving the standard of living amongst rural subsistence farmers requires a purposeful co-ordination and exchange of ideas between experienced agricultural extension workers, researchers in the field of context, policy makers, as well as other stakeholders. Such purposeful co-ordination should have an agenda of transforming the subsistence farming to a commercialized form of farming in the long term. The resultant effect will possibly result in an economically viable community; increase in household income, as well as food security, thereby reducing poverty.11 penSubsistence farmingRural developmentWater resource managementEconomic viabilityPoverty eradicationAgricultural extensionArticlehttp://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.07(4).2016.07