Browsing by Author "Davidson, Innocent E."

Now showing 1 - 20 of 26

Analysis of voltage rise phenomena in electrical power network with high concentration of renewable distributed generations
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2022-12) Akinyemi, Ayodeji Stephen; Musasa, Kabeya; Davidson, Innocent E.
The increasing penetration levels of renewable distributed generation (RDG) into a power system have proven to bring both positive and negative impacts. The occurrence of under voltage at the far end of a conventional electrical distribution network (DN) may not raise concern anymore with RDGs integration into a power system. However, a penetration of RDGs into power system may cause problems such as voltage rise or over-voltage and reverse power flows at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC) between RDG and DN. This research paper presents the impact of voltage rise effect and reverse power flow constraint in power system with high concentration of RDG. The analysis is conducted on a sample DN, i.e., IEEE 13-bus test system, with RDG penetration by considering the most critical scenario such as low power demand in DN and a peak power injection by RDG. For studying the impact of voltage rise and reverse power flow, a mathematical model of a DN integrating RDG is developed. Furthermore, a controller incorporating an advance control-algorithm is proposed to be installed at PCC between DN and RDG to regulate the voltage rise effects and to mitigate the reverse power flow when operating at a worst critical scenario of minimum load and maximum generation from RDG. The proposed control strategy also mitigates the voltage–current harmonic distortions, improves the power factor, and maintain the voltage stability at PCC. The simulations are carried out using MATLAB/Simulink software. Finally, recommendations are provided for the power producers to counteract the effects of voltage rise at PCC. The study has demonstrated that, voltage at PCC can be sustained with a high concentration of RDG during a worst-case scenario without a reverse power flow and voltage rise beyond grid code limits.
Coalition games for performance evaluation in 5G and beyond networks : a survey
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2022) Singh, Upendra; Ramaswamy, Aditya; Dua, Amit; Kumar, Neeraj; Tanwar, Sudeep; Sharma, Gulshan; Davidson, Innocent E.; Sharma, Ravi
The 5G network is an emerging field of the research community. 5G is a multi-disciplinary network that aims to support a wide range of services. 5G network has an objective to support a massive number of connected devices. Game theory has an extensive role in wireless network management. Game theory is an approach to analyzing and modeling the system where multiple actors have a role in decisionmaking with independent objectives and actions. The game theory is an exciting methodology to control the strategic behavior of players and generate an efficient outcome. Coalition game theory can play a crucial role in ensuring cooperation among a massive number of devices. This article provides insight into the current research trends in 5G using coalition games. The work presented in the survey is divided into three categories, namely resource management, interference management, and miscellaneous. This article also provides the foundation about 5G and coalition games highlight the scope of future research.
Contactless palmprint recognition system : a survey
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2022) Alausa, Dele W.S.; Adetiba, Emmanuel; Badejo, Joke A.; Davidson, Innocent E.; Obiyemi, Obiseye; Buraimoh, Elutunji; Abayomi, Abdultaofeek; Oshin, Oluwadamilola
T Information systems in organizations traditionally require users to remember their secret pins (password), token, card number, or both to confirm their identities. However, the technological trend has been moving towards personal identification based on individual behavioural attributes (such as gaits, signature, and voice) or physiological (such as palmprint, fingerprint, face, iris, or ear). These attributes (biometrics) offer many advantages over knowledge and possession-based approaches. For example, palmprint images have rich, unique features for reliable human identification, and it has received significant attention due to their stability, reliability, uniqueness, and non-intrusiveness. This paper provides an overview and evaluation of contactless palmprint recognition system, the state-of-the-art performance of existing works, different types of "Region of Interest" (ROI) extraction algorithms, feature extraction, and matching algorithms. Finally, the findings obtained are presented and discussed
Curbing electricity theft using wireless technique with communication constraints
(IEEE, 2020-08) Tshikomba, Salome C.; Estrice, Milton; Ojo, Evans E.; Davidson, Innocent E.
Utility services are experiencing a common problem of power losses, which impose a significant impact on their annual budget. Practically, power losses consist of technical losses and non-technical losses. Technical losses are due to operations and aging of infrastructure, while nontechnical losses (NTL) are due to non-metered energy. The focus is on managing non-technical losses using an automation wireless method. The wireless ZigBee technique is proposed and further investigated for communication failure over long distances while solving the problem of stealing electricity. Advance-metering infrastructure (AMI) technique and smart meters are feasible for system integration; that is why they are chosen to be part of this study. The success of the study depends on quality data of the Utility, meaning the more accurate the data, the easier the analysis of outliers. The operation and planning of revenue protection contain a large amount of data that needs to be worked on, so data mining assists in that regard. Then the load profiling method assists in illustrating the variation in demandJelectricalload over a specific time. This is a preliminary investigation using a wireless communication technique as a viable solution in curbing electricity theft. The uniqueness of the proposed ZigBee system is that it recognizes the everyday act of stealing electricity through tempering with the meter box and tapping of the supply.
Decentralized fast delayed signal cancelation secondary control for low voltage ride-through application in grid supporting grid feeding microgrid
(Frontiers Media SA, 2021-04-15) Buraimoh, Elutunji; Davidson, Innocent E.; Martinez-Rodrigo, Fernando
In this study, a distributed secondary control is proposed alongside the conventional primary control to form a hierarchical control scheme for the Low Voltage Ride-Through (LVRT) control and applications in the inverter-based microgrid. The secondary control utilizes a fast Delayed Signal Cancelation (DSC) algorithm for the secondary control loop to control the reactive and active power reference by controlling the sequences generated. The microgrid consists of four Distributed Energy Resources (DER) sources interfaced to the grid through interfacing inverters coordinated by droop for effective power-sharing according to capacities. The droop also allows for grid supporting application for microgrid’s participation in frequency and voltage regulation in the main grid. The proposed decentralized fast DSC performance is evaluated with centralized secondary and traditional primary control using OPAL-RT Lab computation and MATLAB/SIMULINK graphical user interface for offline simulations and real-time digital simulator verification. This study presents and discusses the results.
Digitalization in developing maritime business environments towards ensuring sustainability
(MDPI, 2020-11-06) Kapidani, Nexhat; Bauk, Sanja; Davidson, Innocent E.
The paper focuses on assessing the level of digitalization in several developing maritime business environments in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Serbia. The assessment has been done in reference to Holtham’s and Courtney’s Intelligent Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) Exploiter Model. The dimensions as maritime business system effectiveness, roles, and skills of information technology personnel, ladders of knowledge, ICT strategy, organizational culture, and manager’s mindset are analyzed. In addition, benchmarking with findings from developed maritime business environments in Croatia, Greece, Italy, and Slovenia, which belong to the European Union (EU), by using the same model, has been conducted. This is done with the aim to outline directions for improving the quality and speed of digitalization in non-EU countries, which have been functioning for decades in transitional conditions. The maritime ecosystem naturally has a tendency to be unique and to function smoothly as such. Alleviating the differences in the level and effectiveness of digitalization in developed and developing European countries is a path towards achieving this goal. By sharing their own expertise in the rational and intelligent use of ICT, developed EU countries can support developing non-EU countries towards ensuring sustainability in the entire European and worldwide maritime business ecosystem.
Effectiveness of dynamic voltage restorer in enhancing voltage profile in low voltage electric power distribution networks under normal mode operation
(IEEE, 2017-11) Taiwo, Ogunboyo Patrick; Tiako, Remy; Davidson, Innocent E.; Okafor, K.C.; Atimati, E.E.; Achumba, I.E.
© 2017 IEEE. This work addresses the compensation of power quality disturbance in electric power distribution network as a result of voltage variation and voltage unbalanced using one of the most effective power electronics based custom power controller known as Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR). DVR usually connected between the source voltage and the customer load. The new setup of DVR has been put forward using dqo controller and proportional integral (PI) controller method. The simulations are achieved using MATLAB/Simulink Sim Power System tool box. The simulation results attest to the effectiveness of the proposed DVR configuration in compensating the power quality problems in secondary distribution system. The simulation results runs are presented with different settings of parameter used in the model in order to help the validity of the function of DVR in enhancing the quality of power supply at customer side.
Finite element design and multi-objective optimization of four pole reluctance motor based on NSGA-II intelligent algorithm
(IEEE, 2021-09-13) Abunike, Emmanuel C.; Okoro, Ogbonnaya I.; Davidson, Innocent E.
The design of a four-pole reluctance motor with multiple objectives is discussed in this paper using a finite element design methodology based on multi-objective genetic algorithm. Non-dominated genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is used because of its high performance and intensification in optimization problems. The global sensitivity chart revealed that the motor’s stator pole embrace and yoke thickness are key parameters for the optimization objectives, while the rotor’s pole embrace should be restrained and closely associated with these two key parameters. According to the optimization and sensitivity analysis results, a final design which is superior to the base design was achieved. There were 15 % and 13.2 % improvement in the optimized model in terms of the average torque and efficiency respectively. Also, the optimized model recorded a reduction in the average torque ripple and total loss by 1.55 % and 30.1 % respectively. This demonstrates the NSGA-II intelligent optimization program is a suitable framework to optimize specified objective functions.
Fusion in cryptocurrency price prediction: a decade survey on recent advancements, architecture, and potential future directions
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2022) Patel, Nisarg P.; Parekh, Raj; Thakkar, Nihar; Gupta, Rajesh; Tanwar, Sudeep; Sharma, Gulshan; Davidson, Innocent E.; Sharma, Ravi
Cryptographic forms of money are distributed peer-to-peer (P2P) computerized exchange mediums, where the exchanges or records are secured through a protected hash set of secure hash algorithm-256 (SHA-256) and message digest 5 (MD5) calculations. Since their initiation, the prices seem highly volatile and came to their amazing cutoff points during the COVID-19 pandemic. This factor makes them a popular choice for investors with an aim to get higher returns over a short span of time. The colossal high points and low points in digital forms of money costs have drawn in analysts from the scholarly community as well as ventures to foresee their costs. A few machines and deep learning algorithms like gated recurrent unit (GRU), long short-term memory (LSTM), autoregressive integrated moving average with explanatory variable (ARIMAX), and a lot more have been utilized to exactly predict and investigate the elements influencing cryptocurrency prices. The current literature is totally centered around the forecast of digital money costs disregarding its reliance on other cryptographic forms of money. However, Dash coin is an individual cryptocurrency, but it is derived from Bitcoin and Litecoin. The change in Bitcoin and Litecoin prices affects the Dash coin price. Motivated from these, we present a cryptocurrency price prediction framework in this paper. It acknowledges different cryptographic forms of money (which are subject to one another) as information and yields higher accuracy. To illustrate this concept, we have considered a price prediction of Dash coin through the past days’ prices of Dash, Litecoin, and Bitcoin as they have hierarchical dependency among them at the protocol level. We can portray the outcomes that the proposed scheme predicts the prices with low misfortune and high precision. The model can be applied to different digital money cost expectations.
Implementation of indirect field oriented control of a 2.2kW three-phase induction motor using MATLAB simulink
(IEEE, 2021-09-13) Umoette, Anyanime Tim; Okoro, Ogbonnaya I.; Davidson, Innocent E.
Speed control of an induction motor using indirect field-oriented control (IFOC) method with space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) technique and proportional integral controller is presented and discussed in this paper. A 2.2kW three phase squirrel cage type Induction motor model with field-oriented control was simulated and analyzed using MATLAB/Simulink. The decoupling of the flux and torque producing components, for secondary control was carried out for the actual IFOC of the induction motor drive. The motor performance was analyzed under no-load, variable load, constant speed, and variable speed with load conditions. From the results obtained, the proposed control technique was found to produce satisfactory dynamic response and improved motor performance under these operating conditions.
Investigation of voltage unbalance in low voltage electric power distribution network under steady state mode
(IEEE, 2017-11) Taiwo, Ogunboyo Patrick; Tiako, Remy; Davidson, Innocent E.; Okafor, K.C.; Atimati, E.E.; Achumba,, I.E.
© 2017 IEEE. With the ever increasing use of semiconductor devices and information technology (ICT) equipment in the industry's, homes and offices voltage quality are gaining meaningful attention to both industry and the electric utility. Poor voltage quality cause unusually large economic losses all over the world, since voltage quality problem is one of the major power quality disturbances. This report provides an investigative study on the typical 11/0.4 kV, low voltage electric power distribution network. The network was modelled with standard network parameters for low voltage typical electric power distribution network using MATLAB/Simulink Sim Power System tool box. Results obtained from simulation with distribution feeder length 0.5 km for unbalanced 3-phase loads are within the acceptable nominal voltage tolerance range of ± 5 % of the nominal voltage value at the customer's terminal. While this is admissible for customers close to the infeed terminal, it was established that an inadmissible poor voltage reaches the customers at the end of the distribution network for network lengths 0.8 km to 5 km. Voltages measured here were less than the standard allowable limit of 0.95 p.u, of nominal voltage value. The summary of the paper gives recommendations on effective methods for enhancing voltage profile and correcting the unbalanced voltage to an allowable standard.
Modeling and assessment of the fault ride-through capabilities of grid supporting inverter-based microgrids
(IEEE, 2020-03) Buraimoh, Elutunji; Davidson, Innocent E.
Grid-connected micro-grids are subject to grid disturbances. This has undesirable effects on system operation. Riding through fault conditions is a crucial technical challenge. Evolving grid codes require micro-grids to possess fault ridethrough capabilities and support the grid voltage recovery to imitate the behavior of the traditional electrical power systems. The paper proposes two models of a grid supporting inverterbased microgrid; the first controlled as a current source with a parallel impedance suitable for grid feeding applications; the second regulated as a voltage source with a virtual impedance suitable for grid forming applications. The main objective of these two systems is to achieve controlled power delivery to the grid using grid voltage and frequency regulation. This paper discusses power interaction under steady states and transient conditions. Grid voltage parameters, such as amplitude, phase angle, and frequency, are estimated using a synchronization system, as these are necessary for precise active and reactive power control. Results obtained provide an understanding of grid fault impact on grid supporting systems and fault ridethrough compliance and evaluates the impacts of the virtual impedances on fault ride through and power interaction.
Modeling of double stage photovoltaic inverter system with fast delayed signal cancellation for fault ride-through control application in microgrids
(MDPI AG, 2022-02) Buraimoh, Elutunji; Davidson, Innocent E.
This research presents a secondary control for a grid-supporting microgrid with photovoltaics sources to guarantee grid code compliance and ancillary services. The secondary control accomplishes the fault ride-through, which implements a delayed signal cancellation (DSC) algorithm for negative sequence detection. Without mode switching, the proposed control strategy meets grid code requirements and ensures voltage regulation at the secondary level, which is active and more salient throughout the transient period of host grid disturbances. This control also ensures a constant supply of the microgrid’s sensitive local load while adhering to grid code requirements. Similarly, active power injection into the main grid is limited by progressively altering the MPPT operating point dependent on the depth of voltage sag to optimize reactive power injection to sustain grid voltage sag. The recommended secondary control is triggered by utilizing the DSC process’s detection algorithm to identify the occurrence of a fault in a tiny fraction of a half-cycle in a grid fault. Consequently, while satisfying microgrid load needs, the devised technique guaranteed that increases in DC-link voltage and AC grid current were controlled. MATLAB Simscape ElectricalTM and OPAL-RT Lab are used to do time-domain simulations of the model using the recommended secondary control systems.
Overview of fault ride-through requirements for photovoltaic grid integration, design and grid code compliance
(IEEE, 2020-09-27) Buraimoh, Elutunji; Davidson, Innocent E.
The integration of photovoltaic systems into the power grid and their dynamics through grid faults became an essential concern in grid codes' emerging requirements. Accordingly, fault ride-through of the grid-connected PV system functionality and regulation became the most critical grid codes considerations. Countries have come up with several stringent requirements for grid integration of renewable energy sources. This paper identified many FRT stipulations under grid fault conditions in various grid codes. The study examines the impact of PVs on the grid code development, offering a detailed and classified viewpoint on the FRT regulations and providing valuable details about the FRT capabilities of a common grid code to be used and referred. Consequently, this work proposes several grid-level design considerations to fulfill FRT requirements.
Power planning for a smart integrated African super-grid
(IEEE, 2022-01-25) Ndlela, Nomihla Wandile; Davidson, Innocent E.
Africa's population has increased sharply from 364 million in 1970 to 1.3 billion in 2020 and is expected to reach 2.0 billion by 2050, representing the world's largest labor pool. Rapid growth in African population, generation capacity constraints, belated investment in new electricity infrastructure, load growth in unplanned areas, poor maintenance of existing power assets are some of Africa's critical challenges. These have resulted in demand outstripping available power generation capacity, leading to electricity shortages, load shedding, a huge backlog of unserved customers, and low economic growth. This paper presents the concept of a Smart Integrated African Super Grid, designed to energize Africa's emerging economy. In this paper, the five African Power pools are discussed, and the schemes for harnessing Africa's untapped renewable energy resources. A methodology is proposed to use highly complex power system controllers to integrate the African power pools, into a super-grid that absorbs large penetration of renewable powers using dispersed interconnected low voltage micro-grids, without compromising on power quality, stability, technical loss reduction, sustainability, and system reliability.
Ransomware detection, avoidance, and mitigation scheme : a review and future directions
(MDPI AG, 2021) Kapoor, Adhirath; Gupta, Ankur; Gupta, Rajesh; Tanwar, Sudeep; Sharma, Gulshan; Davidson, Innocent E.
Ransomware attacks have emerged as a major cyber-security threat wherein user data is encrypted upon system infection. Latest Ransomware strands using advanced obfuscation techniques along with offline C2 Server capabilities are hitting Individual users and big corporations alike. This problem has caused business disruption and, of course, financial loss. Since there is no such consolidated framework that can classify, detect and mitigate Ransomware attacks in one go, we are motivated to present Detection Avoidance Mitigation (DAM), a theoretical framework to review and classify techniques, tools, and strategies to detect, avoid and mitigate Ransomware. We have thoroughly investigated different scenarios and compared already existing state of the art review research against ours. The case study of the infamous Djvu Ransomware is incorporated to illustrate the modus-operandi of the latest Ransomware strands, including some suggestions to contain its spread.
A review of long-distance UHVDC technology : a future energy disrupter
(IEEE, 2020-03) Davidson, Innocent E.
It is proposed to use highly complex power system controllers to integrate African power grids into one super-grid that can accept large penetration of renewable powers, without compromising power quality, active and reactive power flow, and voltage and power system stability. The proposed super-grid constructed with ultra-high voltage direct current (UHVDC) and flexible ac transmission systems (FACTS) along with dedicated ac and dc interconnectors with intelligent systems applications to produce a Smart Integrated African Super-Grid. DC interconnectors will segment the entire continent's power systems into five large asynchronous segments (regions). Asynchronous divisions will prevent ac fault propagation between sections while allowing power exchange between different parts of the super-grid, with minimum difficulty for grid code unification or harmonization of regulatory regimes across the continent as each segment maintains its autonomy. A Smart Integrated African Electric Power Super-Grid powered by these technologies is critical in supporting Africa 's sustained economic growth and development; established on the cornerstone of renewable energy and utilizing over 200GW enormous potential of Africa's clean and renewable hydroelectric, photovoltaic and wind power as a portion of a vast energy mix made of traditional and complementary energy resources.
Review of modern solar power satellite and space rectenna systems
(IEEE, 2020-08) Dakora, Jonas Don-yelee; Davidson, Innocent E.; Sharma, Gulshan
This paper presents the review and analysis of modern space solar power satellite system and space rectenna. There is a challenge to collect and transmit large amount of energy from space to earth using microwave power transmission technology without the interference with communication satellites such as military operations systems and aircraft radar systems. This study focuses on Low Earth Orbit (LEO) location of the space satellite for maximum efficiency. Microwaves of 5.8 GHz frequency with efficiency of 85% will be used to transmit the electric power from the space satellite to the rectenna. Space-based solar power system is different from the current solar power collection methods. The space solar power method uses a satellite placed on an orbit to collect the solar energy instead of on earth's surface. Research found space-based solar power to be uneconomical but new developments have paved ways for space solar power exploitation. The space-based section of the system consists of a constellation ofsolar energy collecting satellites called SunSats that collect solar power and transmit it through a suitable frequency to earth. The ground station of the system consists of large receiving antennas known as rectennas which convert the microwave frequency into DC power. The DC power is then transformed into AC and injected into the electrical grid.
Seasonal variation of soil resistivity and corrective factor for optimal substation earth grid design in Eastern Cape
(IEEE, 2022-01-25) Madikizela, Andile; Kabeya, Musasa; Davidson, Innocent E.
Optimal Substation Earth Grid Design is a vital aspect of the electrical power system protection. The Seasonal Variation of Soil Resistivity mostly influences Earth Grid Design. Due to seasonal changes, there is an annual variation in the Soil Resistivity with no known correction factors that can be utilized. This has led to a need to ascertain annual 'Seasonal Soil Resistivity Correction Factors' for utility application. The objective of this paper is to develop seasonal Soil Resistivity Correction Factors for Optimal Substation Earth Grid Design in a power distribution substation focusing on meeting the minimum safety requirements, which are the step and touch potentials. A case study site was used for this study in the Eastern Cape region based on a study carried out in the Gauteng province. Results obtained show that in winter, (June/July), the highest soil resistivity was reached and lowest value obtained in autumn season (March). The upper soil layer resistivity noticeably varies more than the lower layer. The corrective factors for the upper layer with probe spacing (0.5m-1m) is multiplied by 1.16; for the second upper layer probe spacing from (2m-5m) is multiplied by 1.02; while the lower layer with probe spacing (5m-50m) is multiplied by 1.01. The corrective factors are focused on July, which is the highest, for an Optimal Substation Earth Grid Design.
Short-term wind variability analysis of Afe Babalola University
(IEEE, 2020-03) Ayamolowo, Oladimeji Joseph; Omo-Irabor, Benedict; Buraimoh, Elutunji; Davidson, Innocent E.
The increasing damaging effect of fossil fueled generators has necessitated the need for diversification into renewable energy sources. However, these abundant renewable sources are limited by their variability at various seasons which often results in stochastic output power. In this paper, short term variability analysis of wind resource in Afe Babalola University is presented from January 2018 to December 2018. Wind speed data were collected using the anemometer at various times and sites within this period and used to estimate the potential of wind resource in ABUAD. The results showed that the wind energy resource is higher between the months of April to September, but insufficient to meet the energy need of ABUAD, hence necessitating the need of a hybrid generating system. An optimized hybrid system comprising of one, 1650kW wind turbine, 2000kW PV panels, 1900kW Diesel generator, 2000kW Converter, and one Trojan T-105 battery was obtained from HOMER software, with levelized cost of energy (COE) of 0.414$/yr and Net Present Cost(NPC) of $41,353,948.