Browsing by Type "Presentation"

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Adapt or Die! Building Information Modelling (BIM)
(Association of Schools of Construction of Southern Africa, 2016) Haupt, Theo C.; Hefer, Elke
Purpose: The emergence of Building Information Modelling (BIM) demands that quantity surveyors review their roles in the construction sector. This study examines the responsiveness of the quantity surveying discipline to BIM. Design/methodology/approach: A sample of quantity surveyors in Durban will be surveyed using an instrument developed from published literature on responses of quantity surveying to BIM. Research limitations: The sample of quantity surveyors was drawn from the Durban area using the Association of South African Quantity Surveyors (ASAQS) and South African Council for the Quantity Surveying Professions (SACQSP) database. Findings: Preliminary findings suggest that quantity surveyors’ knowledge about BIM, software and innovation was at best rather average. They recognized the most obvious benefits of embracing BIM such as the time taken to produce Bills of Quantities and accurate cost estimation. Largely because of their lack of knowledge of available technologies they could not comment assertively on many of the issues surrounding the relationship between BIM and quantity surveying. This further resonates with the uncertainty that exists surrounding BIM and its business value and return on investment. They disagreed that technological advancements presented threats to their existence or the services that they traditionally offered. In the main the findings of the study resonated with those of other studies done particular in developing countries. Response to conference theme: This study identifies the reasons why BIM is not being readily embraced by quantity surveyors more pervasively. Practical implications: The findings provide the opportunity to improve the services currently offered by quantity surveyors but also new and innovative services driven by BIM
Airborne antenna systems for DVB-RCS solutions
(IEEE, 2016) Ilcev, Stojce Dimov
This paper introduces development and implementation of new Airborne Satellite Antenna (ASA) used for Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) of Aeronautical Satellite Broadband System (ASBS) known as a Digital Video Broadcasting-Return Channel via Satellite (DVB-RCS). Directional High Gain Antenna (HGA) of ASA system usually needs to be protected by special radome and always positioned in the focus of satellite by a special antenna mechanical and electrical antenna tracking mechanism situated on the special stabilized pedestal. The several possible types of broadband ASA via different Radio Frequency (RF) band, such as Ku-band transceiving, airborne satellite broadband antenna, L and Ku-band antennas for DVB-RCS and Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) solutions, Ka-band transceiving antenna system for DVB-RCS solutions, Antenna Systems for Aeronautical Satellite Broadcasting (ASB) are discussed.
Airborne satellite antenna steering and mounting systems
(IEEE, 2016) Ilcev, Stojce Dimov
This paper describes the steering and mount systems of Airborne Satellite Antenna (ASA) as a most important and sensitive part of both Aeronautical Mobile Satellite Communication (AMSA) and Aeronautical Mobile Satellite Broadcasting (AMSB) systems. In general, most of ASA solutions are small and easy to install onboard aircraft such as Low Gain Antenna (LGA). However, in particular, some of ASA systems are quite complex, relatively large and heavy, especially airborne High Gain Antenna (HGA) for Aircraft Earth Stations (AES), such as Inmarsat-H, High Speed Data (HSD), Swift64, SwiftBroadband and Digital Video Broadcasting-Return Channel via Satellite (DVB-RCS) antennas, so they need sophisticated steering and mounting systems. Over the past decade are developed the steering ASA broadband system, which main components are reduced considerably in both physical size and weight. These reductions are presented in this research that brings greater Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) from satellite transponders coupled with GaAs-FET technology at the front end the satellite receiver. In this paper are also introduced existing types of mechanical, electrical, combined and other mount systems of ASA steering system. The ASA has to be always pointed towards the satellite in spite of aircraft motions. At this point, the mount airborne satellite system as one of the main requirements in designing the mobile satellite antenna systems from the technical and rational viewpoints is discussed.
Airborne satellite navigation and other integrated antenna systems
(IEEE, 2016) Ilcev, Stojce Dimov
This paper is introducing the airborne satellite navigation and other integrated antenna systems for both weather and special navigation systems. In general, most of navigation antennas are omnidirectional, small and easy to install onboard aircraft, such as Global Navigation Satellite Antennas (GNSA) and other integrated antenna systems. However, in particular, some new developments of navigation antennas are providing miniaturized Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) antenna array technologies that significantly reduce the size of the antenna elements and the array dimensions. The passive and active GNSA for mobile applications including aeronautical are presented, which include all existing types of GNSS solutions. The GNSS antennas are usually omnidirectional, so they don’t need to be always pointed towards the satellite in spite of aircraft motions. In this paper are presented commercial aspects of the aircraft GNSS antenna technologies, their importance and integration with a digital beam-steering antenna electronics package. In addition, the solutions of different cost effective integrated antenna systems with GNSS antennas, such as airborne WAAS, XM, Weather, Sirius, ISL, DME, ADF, VOR, LOC, GS and other antenna systems are discussed.
The appropriate material specifications and manual are key for effective gravel roads design, construction and maintenance practice
(Eastern Seaboard Intermodal Transportation Applications Center, 2012-10) Mwaipungu, Richard R.; Allopi, Dhiren
It is a matter of fact that the gravel road network dominates as the mode of transport infrastructure in most of sub-Sahara Africa. These roads comprise a huge national asset that requires adherence to appropriate locally formulated Pavements and Materials Design Manual (PMDM) and Standard Specification for Road Works (SSRWs) in order for them to give satisfactory performance during their design life. As the length of the engineered gravel road network is steadily growing in Tanzania and elsewhere in sub-Sahara Africa, appropriate PMDM and SSRWs to be employed during design, construction and upkeep of this investment becomes increasingly important for optimal use of locally available gravel materials. In response to the above call, a number of sub-Sahara Africa countries, Tanzania included, has in place PMDM and SSRWs, which are being used during the design and construction of new gravel roads and also during maintenance and rehabilitation of existing gravel roads. These PMDM and SSRWs are used in order not only to standardize design practices and quality control during the design, construction and maintenance period, but also to be able to predict the performance of gravel roads. For these PMDM and SSRWs to be effective and dynamic they have to address local condition and after a certain period of time are to be revised so as to capture changes which are constantly occurring in the gravel road construction industry. The intention is that eventually it should be obligatory to observe the PMDM and SSRWs during design, construction, and maintenance of gravel roads, as they will carry with them the practical experience of over extensive period of time to be questionable. Although it’s always mentioned that engineering practice and judgment have to be observed during the use of any PMDM and SSRWs and under no circumstances shall the PMDM and SSRWs waive professional judgment in applied engineering, it has to be acknowledged that PMDM and SSRWs carry with them some authority in arriving at a final decision during the initial stage of design, preparation of tender documents and whenever an inexperienced engineer is supervising part of the project or a new challenge emerges during the execution of road works. This paper focuses on what is specified in Tanzania PMDM and SSRWs, in particular on gravel roads materials, design, construction and maintenance in one part and what is practiced in the country in another part as it influences the performance of gravel wearing course. It also compares these PMDM and SSRWs with those of developed countries and South Africa. It is expected that by addressing those areas the PMDM and SSRWs have fallen short will make them effective tools in gravel roads design, construction and maintenance works.
Bridging the digital divide with changing information literacy methods in post-apartheid South Africa
(Springer International Publishing, 2013) Naidoo, Segarani; Omarsaib, Mousin
This paper reports on a study done at the Durban University of Technology (DUT). The aim of the study was to identify innovative teaching and learning methods that would accommodate the diverse student population in the IL classroom and to recommend guidelines for teaching and learning of IL. The digital divide is defined as the gap or divide between those with access to and skills in information and communication technologies (ICTs) and those without such access or skills. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used. Self-administered questionnaires were administered to 227 students from the Faculty of Health who were engaged in the IL module, Subject Librarians (SL) teaching IL and the Co-ordinator of the IL module from the Centre of Excellence in Learning and Teaching (CELT) at the Durban University of Technology were interviewed. The findings of this study could be applied globally.
A cluster network based distributed resource management scheme for OBS networks
(IEEE, 2016-11) Pule, Beverley; Nleya, Bakhe; Mutsvangwa, Andrew
All-optical networks (AON) based on optical burst switching (OBS) are rapidly becoming the ultimate backbone network solution for next (future) generation networks because of their potential ultra high bandwidth capacities both at transmission and switching levels. The OBS switching paradigm was conceptualized and ultimately designed using the good features of both optical circuit switching (OCS ) and optical packet switching (OPS) and thus provides improvements over wavelength routing in terms of bandwidth efficiency, at the same time eliminating the need for huge buffers at the network edges as well as optical –to- electronic conversions and vice-versa of the data bursts at the core (switching) nodes. With such networks end to end light channels will transmit users data , transparently i.e. without being aware of its bit rate, modulation format as well as network protocol thus enhancing capacity, flexibility and scalability of the network. A buffer less /limited buffered lead OBS network would mean high contention and blocking, hence to guarantee and end-to-end consistent QoS in would require that the resources are properly managed. Effective management of both control and data planes is a key issue in this regard. Thus in this paper, we propose and analyse a partial distributed resource management scheme for OBS networks. We describe the concept, followed by routing and wavelength selection procedures.
Conceptual framework of environmental sustainable interventions with the use of green infrastructure design criteria on projects
(2014) Saroop, Shian Hemraj; Allopi, Dhiren
This paper presents a conceptual framework that incorporates eco-efficiency on Infrastructure projects with the use of the environmentally sustainable criteria on infrastructure projects. Mainstreaming environmental aspects and incorporating the eco-efficiency concept into various stages of infrastructure development have not been considered as much as they should have been. Engineers need to look at greener technologies rather than just using traditional engineering solutions. This paper aims to develop a framework that enables a project to be designed in accordance with environmentally sustainable criteria. The key aim of the framework was to create a more socially, economically, and environmentally sustainable neighbourhood, which focused on combating flooding, waste management, water recycling and enhancing biodiversity.
Control of multi-level voltage source converters integrating a wind turbine system into the grid
(IEEE, 2016) Hamatwi, E.; Davidson, Innocent E.; Gitau, M.N.
In recent years, wind energy has proven to be the most competitive and environmental friendliest renewable energy (RE) source for generating electricity. Wind farms are more likely to be located far from the load centres, and hence the generated power has to be transmitted over long distances. A high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system increases the transmission capacity, improves the system stability, and possesses lower transmission losses. Therefore, it is the preferred means for power delivery over long distances compared to the high voltage alternating current transmission system. In this paper, a 690V, 2MW wind turbine is modelled to be integrated into a 33kV AC grid via a 3-level Neutral-Point-Clamped Voltage Source Converter-based HVDC transmission system. Three control schemes were implemented: a pitch-angle controller, a controller applied to the generator-side converter, and a controller applied to the grid-side converter. The proposed wind energy conversion system and control schemes were implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK and simulations were carried out to analyse the performance of the system.
Creating eco efficient township infrastructure projects with the use of green engineering solutions and sustainability criteria
(Institute of Municipal Enginering of South Africa, 2015) Saroop, Shian Hemraj; Allopi, Dhiren
Globally, the construction industry is one of the main contributors to the depletion of natural resources and a major cause of unwanted side effects such as air and water pollution, solid waste, deforestation, health hazards, global warming, and other negative consequences (Harvey and Wayne, 20084). As we face significant planetary issues such as global warming, it is clear that the engineering profession has a significant part to play in affecting the future of our planet. In order to stay competitive and to meet upcoming stricter environmental regulations and customer requirements, designers have a key role in designing civil infrastructure so that it is environmentally sustainable. These and other factors have compelled the engineer to design with greater care and in more detail. The changing roles of engineers will be highlighted, in order to react to changes in climate. Mainstreaming environmental aspects and incorporating the eco-efficiency concept into various stages of infrastructure development have not been considered as much as they should have been. Engineers need to look at greener technologies rather than just using traditional engineering solutions. This paper looks at the effects of climate change on infrastructure and the changing role of engineers. It aims to demonstrate the use of sustainability criteria on infrastructure projects. The use of the proposed criteria would ensure a sustainable design for township infrastructure services through the consideration of scare resources, ecological sensitivity in the design and planning of infrastructure projects. This paper focuses on the concept of eco-efficiency in infrastructure design that promotes the use of the greener engineering options, enabling him/her to choose the one likely to yield the best performance with the least environmental impact. It looks at a number of recommended green practices on infrastructure services design, that are environmentally sound placing, fewer burdens on the environment.
Data re-sequencing in Smart Grids
(IEEE, 2016-11) Khumalo, Zephaniah Philani; Nleya, Bahke
Currently, legacy electrical power grids are being modernized into Smart Grids. These will in turn play a crucial role in real-time balancing between energy productions versus energy consumption. Each Smart Grids will dedicate an advanced metering infrastructure that facilitates collection, storing as well as analyzing data from smart meters to the authorized parties, and also carrying commands, requests, messages and software updates from the authorized parties to the smart meters. As such, data aggregation as well as unimpeded data relaying is a prerequisite for guaranteeing a large acceptance and deployment of Smart Grids. In this paper we provide an overview framework for analyzing packet re-sequencing within the Smart Grid. We utilize the random shortest path calculation algorithm to select the desired routes from source to a given destination. It is from among these that ultimately multipath (dual path) routing of the Advanced Metering Infrastructure data is carried out, hence resulting in re-sequencing necessities.
A decision making tool for the improvement of service quality at universities
(The Clute Institute, 2014) Green, Paul
There have been numerous studies conducted on the evaluation of service quality at universities. However, there remains a deficiency on using a Multi Criteria Decision making approach in determining factors to consider for the improvement of service quality at a university. The purpose of this paper is to report on the use of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) as a decision making tool in determining factors to consider for the improvement of service quality at a university. The study adopted a mixed method methodology and an action research approach was employed. A purposive convenient sample of 30 participants was used. Data was collected via questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. The data was captured in the software Expert Choice and the results were processed by taking the aggregated group judgements as the geometric mean of the individual comparisons. The findings reveal that organisational and educational issues are paramount to providing an effective service at tertiary institutions.
Developing an Epistemic Game: A Preliminary Examination of the Muscle Mania© Mobile Game
(2015-10) Vahed, Anisa; Singh, Shalini
Several game scholars contend that the traditional understanding of vocational education in terms of curriculum content only is insufficient. Instead, they propose that lecturers need to develop a system in which students learn to think and work as reflective practitioners through an epistemic frame that mimics the real-world to allow students to have rich experiences of their domain-specific subjects. The Framework for the Rational Analysis of Mobile Education (FRAME) model offers some insight into the development of an epistemic frame within a mobile device. In particular, it extensively links the hardware, software and connectivity options to meets with learner’s cognitive, physical and psychological needs in the context of their learning environment. In this model, the mobile device is an active component and the mobile learning experiences are viewed as existing within the context of information that is mediated through technology. The aim of this paper is to explore the efficacy of using Muscle Mania© as a mobile platform. Arguments for implementing mobile-learning within higher education have generated an increasing volume of research. The general focus of these studies, however, is based largely on empirically documented work with little theorisation on the design of mobile games. In the pursuit of using mobile technology to develop an epistemic or discipline-specific game that will facilitate the teaching and learning of the muscles of mastication and facial expression, this paper explores the FRAME model and how it can be used as a substantive theory for mobile-learning. A qualitative research design and a case study strategy were adopted. Data was collected by means of reflective reports on the mobile game prototype from the technical designer, lecturers and students. With its strong emphasis on educational software design, the Device Usability Aspect of the FRAME model guided the internal architecture needed to design the epistemic frame of a mobile game. Equally significant, the FRAME model foregrounds the concept of technoentrepreneurship as it demonstrates how lecturers use technology to move from delivery and supervision to the production of knowledge.
The effectiveness of work-integrated learning in South African Universities of technology : a case study of Durban University of Technology
(2016-07) Ngwane, Knowledge Siyabonga Vusamandla
This paper looks at the effectiveness of Work-Integrated Learning in increasing the employability of students studying Office Management and Technology diploma at the Durban University of Technology. The national debate on graduate employment has moved from the narrow focus on a set of essential core skills within the undergraduate curriculum. Work-integrated learning (WIL) programs are becoming popular with students, government, employers, and universities. A major benefit of a WIL program is the increased employability of students, and this matches well with the present trend whereby students expect a pay-off from their investment in education. Various initiatives have been introduced to prepare students for graduate jobs rather than for any job. This includes developing critical, reflective abilities, skills for self-career management and the maintenance of employability and career progression. For OMT students, employability depends on the knowledge, skills and attitudes they possess, the way they use those assets and present them to employers and the context within which they work. The most effective initiative which enhances employment of OMT graduates is the effective and efficient Work Integrated Learning (WIL) they undergo when they do their third year. The Department ensures the placement of all students which grants jobs to more than 70% of the students. The training these students receive so far equips them with the necessary abilities to function as intelligent citizens who can be self-employed and self-reliant. The skills they acquire enable them to contribute to the productivity and development of the organisations they work for. Many graduates are affected by an increasing rate of unemployment but this is not the case for OMT graduates. Most universities has recently strengthened their commitment to WIL through adding WIL to their strategic directions and re-shaping areas of the university to better manage and support WIL provision.
Evaluation of end-to-end latency for segmented bursts in OBS networks
(IEEE, 2016) Mutsvangwa, Andrew; Nleya, Bahke; Gomba, Ndadzibaya Masimba; Ngeama, Ndunga
In Optical Burst Switched (OBS) networks several contention resolution schemes such as wavelength conversion, fibre delay lines (FDLs), deflection routing and burst segmentation have been proposed. To provide the differential quality of service (QoS) for different classes of packets, priority-based segmented burst assembling at the edge nodes coupled with segment level transmission in the core nodes (in the event of congestion or contention) is proposed. All packets are assembled in units called segments according to two priorities, high priority (HP) and low priority (LP). HP segments are always placed at the head end of the composite burst as they are more delay sensitive, whereas the LP segments fill up at the tail end. Only in the event or anticipation of contention/ congestion occurrence, the affected section(s) of the network switch to segment transmission mode in which the composite burst is from this point decomposed into its individual segments and streamed (segment level transmission) along the same route to the destination end. The limited buffering in the core nodes will facilitate temporary buffering of the contending segments as since they are relatively smaller. The queuing at the inputs may lead to differential delays in the core nodes due to possible addition of segments from other links. This ultimately affects the inter-segment-gap between successive data segments ferrying packets of the same source thus leading to increased jittery whose magnitude may compromise the desirable QoS. In this paper we analyze inter-segment delay variations as a function of the number of nodes traversed.
Exploring industry's contribution to the labour-intensive construction of low order rural community access roads
(2020) Jairam, Santosh; Allopi, Dhiren
The Government of South Africa supports labour-intensive work methodologies as a means of alleviating unemployment in South Africa. In 2004 the Expanded Public Works Programme (EPWP) was formed to promote labour-intensive work methods due to the high unemployment situation. The EPWP is a nationwide programme using public funds to encourage employment by using labour-intensive work methodologies with the intention of reducing national poverty. The programme covers four sectors. The four sectors are environment and culture, infrastructure, social and non-state. The largest component is infrastructure; roads being part of the infrastructure component provides the highest potential for employment creation. Both international and local experience has revealed that by having trained supervisory staff and a proper employment framework, labour-intensive work methods can be successfully used for projects such as roads, sidewalks, storm water drains, trenches, buildings, sanitation and water. The national government, based on this experience and due to high levels of unemployment, has encouraged the use of these type of infrastructure projects as a way of contributing to the alleviation of unemployment. “Only twelve per cent of the road sector budget is used for labour-intensive projects” (Public Works 2012b: 1). This implies that there have been no drastic changes in the extent to which labour-intensive work methodologies have been used in the road works programme. This study focused on exploring parastatals’, consultants’ and contractors’ contribution to the labour-intensive construction of low order rural community access roads in the Outer West region of eThekwini’s Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal, in accordance with the EPWP Guidelines. The population consisted of 101 individuals from the contracting, consulting and parastatal fields of employment who had worked on EPWP related labour-intensive road projects in this region. All 101 individuals were chosen as the sample size A qualitative and quantitative approach was used in this research to gather data on the contribution made by the civil engineering industry to the promotion of labourintensive road construction methods. This approach allowed for an understanding of the motivation and the experiences of consultants, contractors and parastatals regarding the design and construction management choices they have made. Data was collected via a questionnaire containing open-ended questions and rating scales from 87 civil engineering staff that were employed by parastatals, contractors and consultants who were involved in designing, constructing and managing labourintensive construction of low order rural community access roads in the Outer West region of eThekwini Municipality. In addition, interviews were conducted with same 87 civil engineering staff that were involved in designing, constructing and managing these labour-intensive road construction projects during the period from 2015 to 2019. Data collected overwhelmingly suggested that very little practically is being done to promote labour-intensive construction of low order community access roads. The nature of engagement that does occur is largely through the filling in of basic reporting forms and providing basic small scale informal training and work to labour. No standard specification document is in place to enforce labour-intensive construction of rural community access roads. The documents that are in place merely serve as guidelines and administrative data collection tools rather than helping to promote labour-intensive road construction.
Follow me, I’m right behind you : leading from a complexity viewpoint
(University of Reading, UK., 2008-11) Mason, Roger Bruce
This paper is based on the premise that businesses and their environments are complex adaptive systems (CAS), and are therefore too complex to be ‘managed’ by a single leader. The literature suggests that CASs are self-organising systems and that effective direction and guidance emerges from such self-organisation. Thus, the traditional view of a leader as a decision-maker, instructing and controlling the organisation is inappropriate in a complex/turbulent environment. A qualitative, case study method was used to investigate the leadership activities in four companies, two each in a turbulent industry (computers) and in a stable industry (packaging). Depth interviews were conducted with 31 respondents. Interview transcripts were analysed using NVIVO, and then compared with field notes and documentary analyses. The objective was to identify if a self-organising leadership approach was prevalent in the more successful company in the turbulent industry, and if bureaucratic management was more prevalent in the more successful company in the stable industry. In other words, is self-organising leadership more effective in a turbulent environment? The study has value as it is based on theories not common in the management literature. It is also of value to educators, as many management courses are still based on the assumption of the manager as all-knowing planner and controller. Furthermore, it will be of interest to practitioners who are under pressure from environmental changes, and from societies that are demanding more from their organisations. The findings showed that both the more successful companies, and the less successful computer company, operate via considerable self-organisation principles. Company activities and performance emerge from the interactions amongst the managers, staff and customers, with little direct instructional management from the CEOs. The less successful packaging company managed via the traditional bureaucratic model. These findings and their implications are discussed, and recommendations for further research are made.
Guiding principles for grid code compliance of large utility scale renewable power plant intergration onto South Africa's transmission/distribution networks
(IEEE, 2016-11) Sewchurran, Sanjeeth; Davidson, Innocent E.
Renewable energy generation technologies with its short lead times have become an attractive alternative to assist South Africa to solve its energy crisis and hence led to the Government calling upon Independent Power Producer to enter the market. Subsequently, the Integrated Resource Plan 2010 set a target of 17 800 MW (equivalent to 42%) of new electricity generation capacity in the country to be derived from renewable energy sources. The South African Renewable Energy Grid Code was then published in 2010 to assist with safe and technical integration of these plants into the South African grid. Electricity utilities are now faced with the task to understand the code and carry out testing of these renewable power plants in order to certify them grid code compliant. This paper assists by discussing the requirements of the South African Renewable Energy Grid Code Version 2.8 with testing methods to check grid code compliance.
The impact of poor supervision on postgraduate students
(Web of Science, 2015-11) Ngcwane, C.N.
In recent years transformation has encouraged an increase in the number of postgraduate students. There is a growing concern worldwide and in South Africa about the quality of postgraduate supervision in higher education institutions and the length of time it takes postgraduate students to complete their studies. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact if poor supervision on postgraduate students in order to recommend necessary interventions and encourage quality supervision which benefit all stakeholders. The paper will answer the following question: What are causes and effects of poor supervision on postgraduate students in universities? Students experience different difficulties when they do their postgraduate studies. They experience traditional model of a single supervisor supervising a full-blown thesis. Some supervisors are inexperienced and others lack research method and technical skills. Students suffer silently as they fear victimisation from their so-called supervisor. Some supervisors only care about research outputs. They don’t supervise but demand that students should write articles and publish them. That benefits a supervisor than a student. All students want is to get a degree. These experiences cripple the progress of students and demotivate them. Hence, while there has been a growth in student numbers enrolling for postgraduate studies and research programmes but there has not been a substantial increase in the output of successful postgraduate students. In order to collect the required data for the study, the survey will be used. It is hoped that the data collected will enable the researcher to address the question raised. In this study, the relevant theory will be used to explain the phenomenon.
The impact of private game farms on local community development
(SAIMS, 2013) Giampiccoli, Andrea; van der Merwe, P.; Saayman, M.
Nature-based and wildlife tourism is a growing economic sector with associated increases in privately protected areas. The history of South Africa suggests a conflicting relationship between privately-owned game farms (PGFs) and their surrounding communities. There is an increased recognition of the contribution of PGFs to issues such as biodiversity and community development. However, few investigations, if any, on the relation between PGFs and community development can be discovered. The aim of this paper is to investigate and understand the current role and contribution of PGFs to community development, using a South African case study. To investigate the topic, telephonic interviews were conducted. The study suggests that PGFs are active in local community development albeit that their involvement is still in its early stages and could be enhanced. The present scarcity of research on the topic posits this investigation as a channel towards further research. The paper will suggest various strategies and projects that could help to facilitate the intervention of PGFs in community development.