Research Publications (Management Sciences)

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Importance of governance in Indian entrepreneurship : some perspectives
(2022-11-25) Ravinder, Rena; Dhasmana, Namrata
The main purpose of this paper was to analyse the Entrepreneurship is one of the major determinants to boost the global economy. Where Pandemic has given the growth trajectory of the economy of BRICs nations a huge jolt and volatility. The paper delves that the future global economic growth will primarily be dependent on the BRICS. The reason being is out of the 7.9 billion total world population 3.23 billion BRICS countries have a combined population of 3.23 billion. It is expected that investment spending in Developing Economies would decline from 20.7% of GDP in 2017 to 18.8% in 2030. Method: The study is based on the review of literature. The data was collected from the Journal articles, Books, Newspapers, BRICS government reports. This paper is based on the thematic analysis. Findings: these countries have the potential of developmental opportunities as majorly the task force of the global economy is contributed by BRICS. The cheap labour, market value, and population. Yet, to fasten the global economic recovery, entrepreneurship in the BRICS will fasten the rate of growth of the global economy. With the boom in entrepreneurship, the imperative aspect will be to keep compliance and governance in check. There are various case studies reflecting the failure of many companies and entrepreneurs due to a lack of awareness. The governance in entrepreneurship will not only boost the economic trajectory but will also be aligned to the sentiments of public interest and keep all the stakeholder’s interests in place. Right from the beginning of entrepreneurship and corporate governance and the board of directors share the same business goals. Hence a framework based on OECD principles to avoid any conflict among the stakeholders will be an economic right. An attempt is made in this paper to bring the importance of Governance for sustainable growth of BRICS countries. The paper also highlights the economic trajectory among the BRICS nations and provides some possible solutions for the entrepreneurs. Implications: The paper has emphasized the importance of Governance after the Pandemic and possible reformations at the policy level in BRICS. The governance encourages creating some benchmarks after following a framework for the entrepreneurs. The element of governance gives a sustainable long-term wealth generation for the entrepreneurs. Being in diversified industries like mining, BFSI, ITES, the authors has also attempted to give perspectives on the scaling and sustenance of Entrepreneurship once it is governed. Originality: The recovery from the economic Post Pandemic must be regulated and governed closely for long-term sustenance and longlasting impact on the BRICS economy and subsequently on the global economy. By the following governance, the long-term income generators not only create and generate wealth for today but a robust ecosystem in developing economies that enables to provide quality education to quality old age to citizens of nations.
Political leadership, corruption, and the crisis of governance in Africa : a discourse
(Adonis and Abbey Publishers, 2021-03-15) Fagbadebo, Omololu; Dorasamy, Nirmala
Corruption is a common word often identified by scholars as a major barrier to growth and development. Every society condemns corrupt practices and often holds the leadership responsible. Across the globe, there are anti-corruption advocacy mechanisms aimed at promoting ethical leadership in government. The African Union, for instance, has adopted a series of continental anti-corruption protocols to assist member states curb the rising tide of corruption and its consequences on human security. Using a qualitative method of data collection and analysis, this paper interrogates the leadership-corruption nexus in relation to the prevailing crisis of governance in Africa. It argues that the nature of political leadership in Africa engenders the proclivity towards abuse of power. We find that entrenched vested interests of the political elite have promoted corruption and abuse of power as the instruments of governance, and has reduced requisite statutory institutional oversight structures, to ineffective mechanisms. While the crisis of governance dominates society with the attendant consequences, the political elite lives in opulence. The paper submits, therefore, that the crisis of governance occasioned by mismanagement of public resources by political leadership will continue to fester if citizens continue to support unethical practices by the political leaders.
Judicial review as an accountability mechanism in South Africa : a discourse on the Nkandla case
(Durban University of Technology, 2022) Fagbadebo, Omololu; Dorasamy, Nirmala
Separation of powers among the three branches of government, in most Constitutional democracies, is a design to avert the tyranny of a personalized rule. With specific roles, in relationships characterized by separated but shared powers, each branch of government is a watchdog against the other in case of any abuse. In the South African governing system, the Constitution guarantees functional power relationships among the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary branches of the government. Nevertheless, the dominant party system, in practice, has weakened the legislative oversight and accountability powers to tame the excesses of the executive, contrary to the intendments of the drafters of the Constitution. Judicial review of the various legislative and executive actions, however, has created precedents that seek to reassert legislative capacity to hold the executive accountable. At one time or the other, the judiciary had indicted the legislature and the executive of dereliction of duties. Using primary and secondary data from judicial pronouncements, constitutional provisions, and other public documents, with extant literature, respectively, this paper reviewed the environment that prompted the activist posture of the South African judiciary. An entrenched culture of party loyalty and the incapacity of the legislature to enforce accountability have bolstered the need for assertive judicial review in ensuring accountability. The failure of the legislature to exercise its oversight power has provided the platform for the judiciary to rise as a formidable accountability instrument. Judicial independence, guaranteed by The Constitution, would continue to sustain the tenets of South African representative democracy.
Corruption and the challenge of accountability in the post-colonial African states : a discourse
(Adonis and Abbey Publishers, 2019-04-15) Fagbadebo, Omololu; Mtshali, Khondlo
Scholars and commentators have described the African state in different forms and versions based on their assessments, rightly or wrongly, of the development‟s strides. Reports by international and local developmental agencies often present gloomy descriptions of a continent suffering from the resource curse. The scorecards of most of the African leaders seem to confirm the assertions of failures in the midst of abundant resources. The corruption pandemic in Africa has rendered the societies as the exporter of potential human resources needed for developments and innovation to the countries of the West. While the continent‟s deplorable social and economic situations worsened, the leadership cadres exploit their power to widen the inequality gaps through unethical conduct. This paper interrogates the leadership-accountability nexus in some countries in Africa with a view to understanding the nature of the pervasiveness of governance crisis. The paper argues that African leaders are more of political predators than freedom fighters against the legacies of colonialism. Rather than explore the state‟s power to promote the public interest, African leaders are more concerned with their personal welfare, exploiting the vulnerability of the citizens. Cases of leadership corruption and malfeasances are swept away thereby engendering the unprecedented culture of leadership deficiency with impunity. This paper submits that the crisis of governance in Africa could be dealt with only if the citizens are liberated from the grip of leadership insensitivity and the rhetoric of colonialism.
Interrogating the constitutional requisites for legislative oversight in the promotion of accountability and good governance in South Africa and Nigeria
(SAGE Publications, 2019) Fagbadebo, Omololu
African Studies Association of India. This article interrogates the effectiveness of the requisites for constitutional provisions in respect of the promotion of accountability and good governance in South Africa and Nigeria. The article notes that the drafters of the Constitutions of the two countries made sufficient provisions for the regulation and control of the executive and legislative activities in a manner that could guarantee effective service delivery. These constitutional provisions, in line with the practices of their respective governing systems of the two countries, empower the legislature to hold the executive accountable. The article discovers that the lawmakers in the two countries lacked the capacity to harness the provisions for intended purposes. Using the elite theory for its analysis, the article argues that legislative oversight in South Africa and Nigeria is not as effective as envisaged in the constitutional provisions envisaged. This weakness has given rise to the worsening governance crises in the two countries in spite of their abundant economic and human resources. The article opines that the institutional structures of the political systems of the two countries, especially the dominant party phenomenon, coupled with the personal disposition of the political elites incapacitate the effective exercise of the oversight powers of legislatures in the two countries. The article, therefore, submits that the people of the two countries have to devise another means of holding their leaders accountable in the face of collaboration between the executive and the legislature to perpetuate impunity in the public space. Independent agencies should be more active in the exposure of unethical behaviours of the political elites, while the judiciary should be more independent in the dispensation of justice.
Sustainable development : local economic growth strategy post- Covid-19 in South Africa
(Institute of Research Engineers and Doctors, 2020) Zondo, Robert Walter Dumisani
The local economic challenges facing South Africa, so far, have been addressed by the introduction of policies. Hence, there are major policy reforms that have taken place pre- Covid-19 era, including the protection of rural producers, consumers and the markets. However, the spread of COVID-19 novel coronavirus around in 2020 was fast and dramatic. With the death toll experienced by various countries around the world, the effect had tremendous impact on the general economy and local communities in rural areas (in specific). The economic effects were also exacerbated by emergency strategies (like lockdowns) by different countries around the world. Nonetheless, it has been established that rural institutions are viewed as having a potential role in rural poverty alleviation and sustainable development. Hence, the enforcement of local institutions in rural areas and capacity building as fundamental elements of strategies for rural poverty alleviation are necessary. Local economic growth, as a poverty alleviation strategy, is a people-centred process and circumstance specific. Common parameters for such growth include improved health facilities, infrastructure services, sanitation facilities, and educational services. Other than the above parameters for local and sustainable development, local communities have vast indigenous knowledge that can be used to facilitate sustainable development. This knowledge is not fully utilised due to a lack of complementary institutions and facilities that enable people to improve productivity and sustainability. It is essential for development practitioners and policy makers to facilitate the dissemination of this local knowledge to enable sharing amongst community members, rather than spend scarce resources in bringing in more new knowledge and information that will not benefit the local community for sustainable development. This study assesses the influence of sustainable development on local economic growth in South Africa. It establishes the suitability of sustainable development as a strategy for local economic growth for South Africa.
An overview of the B-BBEE Act and its impact on black entrepreneurs in South Africa
(Romanian Cultural Foundation, 2020-09-06) Mbandlwa, Zamokuhle; Anwana, Emem O.
The South African government has introduced many policies that are aimed at addressing the imbalances of the past. The apartheid government policy was declared as a crime against humanity by the World Health Organization and various democratic institutions around the world. The current government had to balance the economy by giving more advantages to black people, black youth, people living with disabilities and women. The government was not prepared enough to transform the economy because policies did not represent the majority of blacks in South Africa. The B-BBEE policy has failed to deliver the economy to the majority of black people in South Africa. Only a few individuals and elite have benefitted from the system, whilst the majority of blacks are still living under the same economic conditions that they were subjected to during apartheid. The objectives of this study are primarily to present an overview of how B-BBEE has failed to transform the economy and failed to reverse the economic injustices of the apartheid regime. People who are benefitting are not entrepreneurs but tenderpreneurs who are in the business of exploiting resources for their own wealth, with no interest in economically equipping the majority of blacks. Tenderpreneurs are worse than the apartheid government that employed people who are performing the same services for the government on behalf of tenderpreneurs. Employees of tenderpreneurs are underpaid and work under unfavorable conditions. Additionally, this study presents black representability in senior private and parastatal institutions. This study applied a desktop research methodology to unpack previous studies, conference papers, newspaper reports and parliamentary findings relevant to the investigation. This paper found that various economic experts have identified several loopholes in the B-BBEE policy and several policy reviews have been conducted with no success.
The examination of the importance of education in government leadership : the case of the Southern African Development Community (SADC)
(Romanian Cultural Foundation, 2019-09-02) Mbandlwa, Zamokuhle
There is a strong need to examine the importance of education in african leaders and the role played by education in decisions made by leaders in Africa. Public sector institutions globally, are the hope for the citizens or communities for their needs.The aim of this paper is to show the relationship between poor public service delivery in Africa and lack of education especially economic governance education from african leaders. Africa as the continent is rich in mineral resources but lack of effective leaders who are willing to transform Africa by ensuring that the African economy is developed for Africans. Education status of the African leaders is not a prerequisite for candidates to stand for election in any political leadership position and subsequently into some government positions. Education lays a foundation for individuals to understand policies and it is important for political leaders to have a background of what does it take to hold a senior position in government structure. This paper concludes that political leaders in Africa must have a specific educational background. Candidates must contest political position only if they have specific education qualification and this will minimize political killings and reduce the number of contestants. Findings of this paper are based on the quantitative approached used to analyse the education level of African leaders. The results and conclusions made in this paper show that there is a gap between the demands of the people and the capacity to deliver by african leaders. Public sector institutions in Africa must be led by people who have tertiary qualifications and clear understanding of government administration and economy.
Monitoring and evaluation capacity development of municipalities in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
(Kamla-Raj Enterprises, 2016) Govender, Ivan Gunass
The purpose of the study was to assess the monitoring and evaluation capacity development in local municipalities in the KwaZulu-Natal Province. The research method included the case study and the mixed method approach. The study found that monitoring and evaluation (M&E) capacity development is perceived to positively impact staff motivation, training and placement; allocation of resources; and stakeholder participation. The results of the study are relevant to the National, Provincial and the Municipal Councils in exercising their oversight roles to capacitate municipalities to plan, implement and manage M&E systems to ensure an accountable and responsive local government. This study is significant as it provides a platform for the three spheres of government to address the current M&E capacity development gaps and to collectively develop an evidence-based national M&E capacity development strategy. The paper proposes further detailed research be undertaken for M&E capacity needs analysis in each municipality to ensure the developmental mandates are achieved.
Governance of the research activities in higher educational institutions: factors and outcomes
(Virtus Interpress, 2016) Ngibe, Musawenkosi; Lekhanya, Lawrence Mpele
South African higher education institutions, specifically, universities of technology have been faced with an arduous battle of increasing postgraduate students enrolment (masters and doctoral) and improve their completion rate. However, the situation is exacerbated by inadequate number and inexperience of supervisors to supervise these postgraduate students. The Durban University of Technology has formulated research structures to administer and co-ordinate research activities in order to improve the number of staff members with doctoral qualifications in order to aid the current challenges. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the circumstances and factors hindering the academic staff throughput rates and the impact it has on the university. The use of qualitative and quantitative approach was used for this study, with closed and open-ended questionnaires used to collect data from 278 academic staff members using a probability sampling. The respondents 9 (4.9%) indicated that lack of external funding and project management skills proved to be major contributory factors hindering academics staff to complete their postgraduate degrees within the required time. The study recommends that funding should be made easily available to academics pursuing doctoral studies, while project management workshops should be organised regularly to help academics appropriately management their studies. This can have a positive impact which will benefit the university and aid to the current crisis of lack of supervisor for masters and doctoral studies.

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