Theses and dissertations (Health Sciences)
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Item The immediate effect of lumbar spine manipulation, thoracic spine manipulation and placebo manipulation on range of motion and bowling speed in asymptomatic male and female indoor cricket bowlers(2020-11-30) Nayager, Prasanthi; Maharaj, Praveena; Sood, KanwalBackground: Cricket bowling is a manoeuvre that consists of a sequence of body motions utilising the entire kinematic chain. Cricket like many sports is played both indoor and outdoor. To eliminate the factors of weather (dew and wind) and nature (grass top pitchers) the following study was conducted on indoor cricket bowlers. The phrase ‘proximal stability for distal mobility’ is best suited, as the lower extremities, pelvis and trunk play a vital role and assist the upper extremities in the bowling action. Therefore, bowling should be known as a combined movement of the entire body, culminating with rapid motions of the upper extremity. Restricted motion within a joint segment could lead to adverse changes in the surrounding muscles, tendons, and ligaments of the trunk. Restricted motion of the trunk and pelvis may result in abnormal loads being applied on the peripheral joints, thus resulting in injuries or a decline in an athlete’s performance. Spinal manipulation therapy is a technique that is used to improve flexibility and mobility in a joint. This study focused on the effects of SMT on the joint range of motion (trunk) and bowling speed. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to assess the immediate effects of lumbar spine, thoracic spine, and placebo manipulation on the range of motion of the thoracic and lumbar spine, as well as the bowling speed of the participants. Methods: A sample of asymptomatic male and female cricket bowlers (60 in total), playing for schools, local clubs and at provincial level were divided into three groups of 10 each. Group 1a and Group 1b received thoracic spine manipulation, Group 2a and Group 2b received lumbar spine manipulation and Group 3a and Group 3b received placebo spinal manipulation. The range of motion of the thoracic and lumbar spine was measured pre and post manipulation using a digital inclinometer. Bowling speed was measured pre and post warm-up and manipulation using a speed radar. The participants’ perception of changes in bowling speed post manipulation were also recorded. SPSS version 25 was used to statistically analyse the data. Results: There were statistically significant increases in thoracic range of motion post thoracic manipulation in male and female participants. Thoracic spine manipulation enhanced bowling speed significantly in male and female participants. Lumbar spine manipulation increased lumbar range of motion and thoracic range of motion, especially in the female athletes. However, it did not impact bowling speed. Post placebo manipulation showed that there were no significant differences in range of motion and bowling speed. However, both thoracic and lumbar manipulation showed significant changes in range of motion, compared to placebo manipulation. Conclusion: This study supported the findings of several authors, that spinal manipulation significantly influences athletes’ performance. In this study, post thoracic spine manipulation bowling speed increased significantly in both male and female athletes. It was also evident that female participants’ range of motion increased overall except for extension of the lumbar spine more post manipulation, while male participants had a higher bowling speed average.Item The immediate effect of lumbar spine manipulation, thoracic spine manipulation, combination lumbar and thoracic spine manipulation and sham laser on bowling speed in action cricket fast bowlers,(2008) Sood, Kanwal Deep; Shaik, JunaidObjectives: To compare trunk flexion and lateral flexion range of motion (ROM) pre-post intervention. To compare the bowling speed of Action Cricket fast bowlers pre-post intervention. To determine the correlation between change in bowling speed immediately post-intervention to change in trunk flexion and lateral flexion ROM immediately post-intervention. To determine the association between change in bowling speed immediately postintervention and the subjects' perception of change in bowling speed. Methods: Forty asymptomatic Action Cricket fast bowlers were divided into four groups of ten each. Group 1 received lumbar spine manipulation, Group 2 received thoracic spine manipulation, Group 3 received combined thoracic and lumbar spine manipulation and Group 4 received the sham laser intervention (placebo). Pre- and post-intervention trunk flexion and lateral flexion ROM and bowling speed were measured using a digital inclinometer and a SpeedTrac\x99 Speed Sport Radar. The subjects' perception of a change in bowling speed post-intervention was also recorded. SPSS version 15.0 was used to analyse the data. Twotailed tests were used in all cases. Results: Trunk flexion and lateral flexion increased significantly (p < 0.05) post-spinal manipulation. There was a significant increase in bowling speed post-thoracic (p = 0.042) and postcombined manipulation (p < 0.000). A significant yet weak positive correlation (p = 0.003; r = 0.451) was seen in change in bowling speed and change in thoracic flexion and lateral flexion. There was no significant difference in the percentage subjective change by intervention group (p = 0.217). Conclusions: Spinal manipulation is a valid intervention for short-term increase in bowling speed.Item The immediate effect of dry needling of the most tender active myofascial trigger point of the rotator cuff musculature on bowling speed in action cricket fast bowlers(2008) Subrayan, Darren; Docrat, AadilPurpose Cricket fast bowlers are prone to the development of Myofascial pain syndrome and in particular active myofascial trigger points in their rotator cuff muscles of the shoulder joint (Scott, et al. 2001). This is due to the severe stresses placed upon the muscles, bones and joints of the shoulder as a result of the high velocity throwing action (Bartlett, et al.1996). In muscles containing active myofascial trigger points a decrease in the stretch range of motion as well as the maximal contractile force is noted, these two factors may negatively affect the speed at which a fast bowler deliver the ball (Travell, Simons and Simons, 1999). Dry needling is viewed as the most effective means of deactivating myofascial trigger points leading to in increase in both the contractile force and range of motion of the affected muscle, which could increase the speed at which the bowler delivers the ball (Wilks, 2003). The aim of the study was to determine the immediate effect of dry needling active myofascial trigger points of the rotator cuff on bowling speed in action cricket fast bowlers. Method The study consisted of 40 participants (randomly split into two equal groups of 20) each with shoulder pain of a myofascial origin. Group A (intervention group) received the dry needling intervention in their most tender active myofascial trigger point. While participants in Group B (control group) received no treatment. Bowling speeds were measured both before and after the intervention, to determine its effect on bowling speed. IV Data was entered into MS Exel spreadsheet and imported into SPSS version 15 (SPSS Inc.,Chicago, Iiiinois, USA), which was used for data analysis. Paticipants were evaluated on bowling speed, Algometer readings and Numerical pain rating Scale (NRS) both pre and post intervention. Participants were also asked if they believed the intervention increased, decreased or had no effect on their bowling speeds. Two sample t-test was used to compare baseline values between the groups. A repeated measure ANOVA was used to compare the rate of change of each outcome over time in the two groups. Pearson’s correlation analysis (intra-group) was used to assess the strength and magnitude of correlations of the changes in the outcomes. The McNemar – Bowker test and Weighted Cohen’s kappa statistics were calculated to assess agreement between perceived and actual levels of change. Results A significant treatment effect was observed in the intervention group were an increase in bowling speed, algometer readings as well a decrease in Numerical pain rating scale(NRS) scores was observed. There was also a perceived increase in the speed the participants delivered the ball in the intervention group. No significant changes were observed in the control group. The findings of this study indicate that dry needling as a treatment modality would be beneficial to fast bowlers in not only increasing their speeds but also the pain experienced as a result of active myofascial trigger points.Item The immediate effect of lumbar spine manipulation, thoracic spine manipulation, combination lumbar and thoracic spine manipulation and sham laser on bowling speed in action cricket fast bowlers(2008) Sood, Kanwal Deep; Shaik, JunaidTo compare trunk flexion and lateral flexion range of motion (ROM) pre-post intervention. To compare the bowling speed of Action Cricket fast bowlers pre-post intervention. To determine the correlation between change in bowling speed immediately post-intervention to change in trunk flexion and lateral flexion ROM immediately post-intervention. To determine the association between change in bowling speed immediately post-intervention and the subjects’ perception of change in bowling speed. Methods: Forty asymptomatic Action Cricket fast bowlers were divided into four groups of ten each. Group 1 received lumbar spine manipulation, Group 2 received thoracic spine manipulation, Group 3 received combined thoracic and lumbar spine manipulation and Group 4 received the sham laser intervention (placebo). Pre- and post-intervention trunk flexion and lateral flexion ROM and bowling speed were measured using a digital inclinometer and a SpeedTracTM Speed Sport Radar. The subjects’ perception of a change in bowling speed post-intervention was also recorded. SPSS version 15.0 was used to analyse the data. Two-tailed tests were used in all cases. Results: Trunk flexion and lateral flexion increased significantly (p < 0.05) post-spinal manipulation. There was a significant increase in bowling speed post-thoracic (p = 0.042) and post-combined manipulation (p < 0.000). A significant yet weak positive correlation (p = 0.003; r = 0.451) was seen in change in bowling speed and change in thoracic flexion and lateral flexion. There was no significant difference in the percentage subjective change by intervention group (p = 0.217). Conclusions: Spinal manipulation is a valid intervention for short-term increase in bowling speed.Item The relationship between core stability and bowling speed in asymptomatic male indoor action cricket bowlers(2008) Hilligan, Bruce KevinTo determine whether a relationship exists between core stability and bowling speed in Action Cricket bowlers. Methods: Thirty asymptomatic indoor Action Cricket fast and fast-medium bowlers were divided into two groups of 15 each, with Group A having well-developed core stability and group B having poorly-developed core stability. The concept of matched pairs was used for age and cricket experience in order to maintain homogeneity between the groups. The core stability and bowling speed of each participant was measured using a pressure biofeedback unit (PBU) and speed sports radar respectively. SPSS version 15.0 was used to analyse the data.