Theses and dissertations (Health Sciences)
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Item Determining functional movement screen normative values as a predictor of injury in triathletes(2022-05-13) Jacobs, Izanne; Matkovich, GrantBackground: Triathlon is a multidisciplinary sport that comprises of swimming, cycling and running. Triathlon events are classified as sprint distance, Olympic distance and Ironman or long course triathlons. Triathlon is considered to be one of the fastest growing sports globally and, despite this, there is insufficient data relating to injuries and injury prevention in the South African context. The Functional Movement Screen™ is a pre-participation screening tool that evaluates fundamental movement patterns to determine potential injury risk and to predict injury. Aim: This study aims to determine the normative values for the FMS™ in triathletes and its ability to identify possible injury risks in triathletes. Methods: The research evaluated the FMSTM score in triathletes in the eThekwini municipal area prior to the commencement of a training session and then tracked the incidence, frequency and distribution of injuries that were sustained during a six-week follow-up period. Two triathlon training groups were approached, and triathletes voluntarily participated provided that they fitted the inclusion criteria. The triathletes were required to fill out an athlete questionnaire which was followed by performing the seven FMS™ tests. In total 24 triathletes between the ages of 18 and 35 were assessed. IBM SPSS version 27 was used in the data analysis to test for statistical significance of the results. Results: The research sample revealed that the normative value for the FMS™ score for triathletes was 14.25 out of 21, with a standard deviation of 2.15. The male triathletes (14.32), on average, had a higher FMS™ score than the female triathletes (14.00). The participants did not report any injuries during the six weeks after completing the FMS™, therefore, this research shows that no association can be made between a low score on the Functional Movement Screen TM and injury susceptibility. There was, however, noted that triathletes who reported current injuries scored lower on the FMS™ (13.25) than triathletes who did not report current injuries (14.45). However, this finding was not statistically significant (p=0.319). Further findings suggested that the most common injuries amongst triathletes were lower extremity muscle strains. Conclusion: The results concur with previous research. However, this study adds insight into injury occurrence and prevention strategies in triathlon. The most common injuries require investigation to develop preventative interventions to reduce injuries in triathletes. Health professionals require education about triathlon-related injuries to improve preventative and curative interventions.Item Determining the normative value of the Functional Movement Screen™ in weightlifters in participating gyms within the eThekwini municipality, and its association to injury(2021-12-01) Singh, Shaista; Sobuwa, Simpiwe; Bruijns, StevanBackground: Weightlifting is an increasing popular form of fitness. Weightlifters train exceptionally hard in their daily training regimes, as well as for competitions. Despite the popularity of this high intensive and explosive training, there is no normative value determined for weightlifters in the eThekwini Municipality, South Africa, to compare themselves against and track their progress or regression or to use as a benchmark when beginners adopt a new training programme. The Functional Movement Screen (FMS™) is a pre-participation assessment which analyses the movements of its participants according to seven exercises, which form the basics of fundamental movement patterns. This assessment allows an analysis of dysfunctional movement patterns to be identified. Aims: The aim of this study has been to assess weightlifters according to the Functional Movement Screen™ (FMS™), to determine a normative value and examine their FMS™ score in relation to prior injury or musculoskeletal dysfunction. Methods: The methodology of this study included assessing 89 weightlifters from participating gym on the FMS™ in order to achieve a normative score of weightlifters within the eThekwini Municipality. Thereafter, participants were contacted telephonically and asked to provide information about their age, height, weight, number of years training, and an injury profile, including how long ago any injury occurred, how long the injury took to heal, the severity of the injury according to the pain rating numerical scale and what form of treatment they received for their injury. The mean FMS™ was then determined for the weightlifters within the eThekwini Municipality and an analysis was made between FMS™ score and injury sustained to determine whether the FMS™ is able to predict injury in this population. Results: The sample population of 89 revealed that the mean FMS™ score for weightlifters in participating gyms within the eThekwini Municipality is 13.88 out of 21. There is no correlation made between FMS™ score and injury and therefore there is no association to injury and FMS™ score in this sample population. There are significant findings in the scoring of the FMS™ exercises showing that weightlifters adapt their own lifting technique in order to lift their desired weight at the velocity expected. The most common recorded injuries are to the shoulder, followed by the knee. The most common injury sustained is musculature in nature and the most common treatment received for injury was physiotherapy. Conclusion: The normative value for weightlifters in participating gyms within the eThekwini Municipality is 13.88 out of 21 for the FMS™. It has been established that weightlifters deviate from the ideal movement pattern to develop stability and strength to lift their desired weights at explosive outputs. There was no link found between FMS™ score and injury and no correlation made between age, height, weight and number of years training and the FMS™ score.