Research Publications (Applied Sciences)
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://ir-dev.dut.ac.za/handle/10321/213
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Item A metagenomic investigation of the faecal RNA virome structure of asymptomatic chickens obtained from a commercial farm in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa.(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2024-06) Nwokorogu, Vivian C.; Pillai, Santhosh; San, James E.; Pillay, Charlene; Nyaga, Martin M.; Sabiu, SaheedVirome studies on birds, including chickens are relatively scarce, particularly from the African continent. Despite the continuous evolution of RNA viruses and severe losses recorded in poultry from seasonal viral outbreaks, the information on RNA virome composition is even scantier as a result of their highly unstable nature, genetic diversity, and difficulties associated with characterization. Also, information on factors that may modulate the occurrence of some viruses in birds is limited, particularly for domesticated birds. Viral metagenomics through advancements in sequencing technologies, has enabled the characterization of the entire virome of diverse host species using various samples.Methods
The complex RNA viral constituents present in 27 faecal samples of asymptomatic chickens from a South African farm collected at 3-time points from two independent seasons were determined, and the impact of the chicken's age and collection season on viral abundance and diversity was further investigated. The study utilized the non-invasive faecal sampling method, mRNA viral targeted enrichment steps, a whole transcriptome amplification strategy, Illumina sequencing, and bioinformatics tools.Results
The results obtained revealed a total of 48 viral species spanning across 11 orders, 15 families and 21 genera. Viral RNA families such as Coronaviridae, Picornaviridae, Reoviridae, Astroviridae, Caliciviridae, Picorbirnaviridae and Retroviridae were abundant, among which picornaviruses, demonstrated a 100% prevalence across the three age groups (2, 4 and 7 weeks) and two seasons (summer and winter) of the 27 faecal samples investigated. A further probe into the extent of variation between the different chicken groups investigated indicated that viral diversity and abundance were significantly influenced by age (P = 0.01099) and season (P = 0.00099) between chicken groups, while there was no effect on viral shedding within samples in a group (alpha diversity) for age (P = 0.146) and season (P = 0.242).Conclusion
The presence of an exceedingly varied chicken RNA virome, encompassing avian, mammalian, fungal, and dietary-associated viruses, underscores the complexities inherent in comprehending the causation, dynamics, and interspecies transmission of RNA viruses within the investigated chicken population. Hence, chickens, even in the absence of discernible symptoms, can harbour viruses that may exhibit opportunistic, commensal, or pathogenic characteristics.Item Antioxidant potential of zephyranthes citrina seed extract in saccharomyces cerevisiae’s oxidative stress response system(Association of Biotechnology and Pharmacy, 2023-10-15) Patil, Sharangouda J.; Jyothi, Renuka; Sadashiv, S. O.; Vishwantaha, T.; Adam, Jamila Khatoon; Krishna, Suresh Babu NaiduItem Studies on phytochemical screening, GC-MS analysis and their antibacterial property against Vibrio cholerae(2023-10-05) Guru Prasad, V.; Kuruvalli, Gouthami; Lavanya, L.; Krishna, Suresh Babu Naidu; Imran, Khalid; Reddy, Vaddi DamodaraIn the current study, two different MTCC strains of Vibrio cholera, 3904 and 3906, were used to determine the anti-bacterial properties of Cinnamomum verum (C. verum) leaves (Family: Lauraceae). This was done through qualitative phytochemical compound screening and quantitative identification of volatile compounds using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Methanolic extract was subjected to phytochemical screening in order to determine the active components. Through qualitative examination revealed that the substance contained alkaloids, total carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, saponins, and tannins. Due to the abundance of phytochemical agents in the extract, GC-MS experiments were conducted. Based on their retention times and coverage percentages in mass spectra, these studies identified 42 volatile chemicals. The maximum zone of inhibition for the antibacterial activity of methanol extract were 15.9 mm for the V. cholera MTCC 3904 strain and 16.3 mm for the V. cholera MTCC 3906 strain, respectively, at concentrations of 100μL, Azithromycin showed 22.30 mm, a positive control, at a dosage of 30μg. Total antibacterial activity was determined to be 15.05 ±1.15 mm and 15.10±1.15 mm, respectively, in the examined bacterial strains. These values are equivalent to conventional azithromycin. In conclusion, C. verum can be a potential therapeutic agent against V. cholera strains, this is due to strong antibacterial nature of active biomolecules present in the medicinal plant.Item Differential approach of bioremediation by sclerotium rolfsii towards textile dye(2023-10-05) Samuel, Anthony; Lakshmaiah, , Vasantha Veerappa; Dias, Priyanjali; Praveen, N.; Fernandes, Cannon Antony; Nizam, Aatika; Krishna, Suresh Babu NaiduSynthetic dyes are extensively used in various industries and are one of the major contaminants of industrial effluents. Dyes being xenobiotic, carcinogenic, and toxic there is need for their effective removal and detoxification to conserve water resources. Tremendous research has been carried out to identify potent microorganisms that facilitate bioremediation of these harmful dyes. A static batch culture has proved white rot fungi Sclerotium.rolfsii as an efficient catalyst in bioremediation of textile dyes and to compare their efficiency in decolourisation of two different azo dyes. Studies revealed the organism employ different remedial approach to cationic dye (Malachite green) and anionic dyes (Rose Bengal). Decolourisation of malachite green was a gradual with degradation and bio-transformation to colourless, non-toxic by products while Decolourisation of rose Bengal was quick process of biosorption. S.rolfsii exhibited 89% of decolourisation of malachite green dyes at higher concentration of 900mg/L while 96% for rose Bengal at 900mg/L. The mechanism of dye decolourisation was proposed using the UV Vis spectrophotometry, FTIR, XRD, HPLC and SEM. Microbial toxicity studies confirmed the dye metabolites of degraded malachite green was less toxic compared to original dye. Com- prehensively studies illustrate the sustained application of S. rolfsii as model organism for bioremediation of complex industrial effluents due to its differential bio remedial approach can potentially decolourise or remove various dyes.Item Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial studies of Gabapentin Schiff Base metal complexes containing heterocyclic ligand via microwave-assisted method(2023-10-05) Ajbani, Jyoti C.; Revankar, D. Smita; Revanasiddappa, M.; Krishna, Suresh Babu Naidu; Shankara, S.The use of microwave-assisted synthesis in the formation of coordination metal complexes has led to improved control of waste generation and reduced reaction times. In the present study, new Schiff base metal complexes of various metals, including ZrO (II), VO(II), Cr (III), Mn (II), Fe (II), Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II), Zn (II), Cd (II), and Hg (II), were synthesized using microwave radiation.To characterize the synthesized metal complexes, several physical methods were used, including elemental analysis, FT-IR, molar conductance, electronic spectra, 1H-NMR, ESR, magnetic susceptibility, thermal, electrical conductivity, and XRD analysis. Elemental analysis revealed that the complexes were of the 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 (M: L) types. The observed molar conductance values indicated that the complexes were non-electrolytes. The 1H-NMR spectral data suggested that the phenolic protons had been displaced during complexation. Thermo gravimetric analysis showed the presence of water molecules in the coordination metal complexes and confirmed the loss of water molecules in the first step, followed by the decomposition of the ligand in the subsequent step. The synthesized ligand and coordination metal complexes were also studied for their antibacterial and antifungal activity. They were tested against various bacteria and fungi, including Escherichia coli, Salmonella en-teric, klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus flavus. The results indicated that some of the metal complexes showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activity. Overall, the use of microwave-assisted synthesis in the formation of coordination metal complexes has led to the synthesis of new metal complexes with potential antibacterial and antifungal activity. The various physical methods used for characterization have provided valuable insights into the properties and behaviour of these metal complexes.Item Bio-decolorization and degradation of reactive blue 222 by a novel isolate Kucoria marina CU2005(Association of Biotechnology and Pharmacy, 2023-01-30) Veerappa Lakshmaiah, Vasantha; Krishna, Suresh Babu Naidu; S More, Sunil; K Jayanna, ShobhaIn this study, a novel bacterial strain, Kucoria marina CU2005, was isolated and identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing from an industrial wastewater sludge sample capable of degrading Reactive Blue 222 (RB222) dye. Batch mode bio stimulation studies were performed with minimal salt media to optimize key physiological parameters for effective decolorization of RB222. When cultured at 35 °C and pH 7 under static conditions, this bacterium decolorized 82 percent of the dye after 24 hours. Decolorization was monitored using UV-vis spectrophotometry. Isolate’s ability to decolorize the complex dye was attributed to its degradation potential rather than a passive surface adsorption. FTIR, HPLC, GC-MS studies were used to confirm microbial dye metabolism. The results indicated breakdown of dye upon decolorization as some peaks were shifted and generation of aromatic amine for monosubstituted benzene ring as intermediates of dye degradation in decolorized solutions. This study has shown the potential of Kucoria marina CU2005 to decolorize RB222 dye at a better pace and efficiency than previously reported bacterial strains. Thus, we propose that our isolated strain can be utilized as a potential dye decolorizer in environmental biotechnology as effluent treatment for decolorization of RB 222.