Faculty of Health Sciences

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Catabolic gene indices of hydrocarbon diminution in Ultisol treated with cropped Bacillus altitudinis-amendments
(Elsevier BV, 2024-09) Fatunla, Opeyemi K.; Adegoke, Anthony A.; Offiong, Nnanake-Abasi O.; Ofon, Utibe A.; Shaibu, Solomon E.; Inam, Edu J.; Reddy, P.; Essien, Joseph P.
This study evaluated catabolic gene expression as an index of hydrocarbon breakdown in ultisol treated with Bacillus altitudinis-Cropped Biofertilizers derived from Biosolid and Brewer Spent Grain (BSG) using phenotypic and molecular methods. We observed significant reductions in Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) concentrations with both amendments, albeit the biosolid based amendment was markedly more effective. Concurrently, there was a substantial increase in hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria. Notably, the bulk of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) in biosolid (95.77 %) and BSG (93.00 %) amended Ultisol were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Planctomycetes, which are key players in hydrocarbon bioremediation. We observed the presence of eleven hydrocarbon-degrading genes through M5nr analysis. These genes encompass essential catalysts for aliphatic hydrocarbon degradation and hydrocarbon desulfurization. Notably, these enzymes/genes include Bacterial Flavin-bound Monooxygenase (AlmA), Alkane Monooxygenase (AlkM), Alpha Ketoglutarate Dependent Dioxygenase (alkB), Propane Monooxygenase (PrM), Cytochrome P450 (cP450), Methane Monooxygenase/Ammonia Monooxygenase (MMO/AMO) subunits A, B, and C, Alkane Sulfonate Monooxygenase (ssuD), Alkane Sulfonates Transport System Permease Protein (ssuC), Dibenzothiophene Monooxygenase (dszC), Dibenzothiophene-Sulfone Monooxygenase (dszA), and Dibenzothiophene-5,5-Dioxide Monooxygenase (dszB). These genes play pivotal roles in the degradation of aliphatic hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon desulfurization. Interestingly, unique gene expression patterns were observed for each amendment, with Actinomycetales and Bulkhoderiales orders expressing the majority of identified genes. These findings have revealed the amendment-specific microbial and genetic alterations and, the diversity and potential of the annotated genes induced by the Bacillus altitudinis-Cropped Biofertilizers (biosolid and BSG amendments) for effective remediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils.
In vitro antioxidant, mineral analysis and antimicrobial activities of extract and fractions from the aerial part of Heterotis rotundifolia (Sm.) Jacq. Fel
(2024-09-01) Enin, Godwin N.; Adegoke, Anthony A.; Ita, Basil N.; Udosen, Christiana I.; Inyang, Victor F.; Onuaha, Ebuka C.; Antia, Bassey S.
Heterotis rountidifolia (Sm.) Jacq. Fel, is employed in Nigeria traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases. The study investigated the antioxidant, mineral composition and antimicrobial activities of aerial part of Heterotis rotundifolia using standard procedures. The proximate composition on dry matter basis showed high carbohydrate (48.41%) and low lipid (0.77%) contents while mineral content revealed that sodium (5.68 mg/100 g) and zinc (4.64 mg/100 g) were the highest. The total caloric value per 100 g was 260.93 kcal. Methanol (ME) fraction exhibited the highest radical scavenging (EC50 = 59.36 µg/mL) and reducing (EC50 = 76.54 µg/mL) activity. Contents of total flavonoids and phenolics were highest in ME and ethyl acetate (EAE) fractions (39.2 mg GAE/g and 183.5 mg RE/g, respectively), while hexane (HE) fraction showed the lowest radical scavenging, ferric reducing and nitric oxide assay (EC50 = 268.56, 87.86, and 98.30 µg/mL, respectively). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) against various bacterial and fungal strains using tube dilution method showed strong activity at MIC of 50 mg/mL depicted by n-HE fraction, though lower MBC of 37.5 mg/mL by ME fraction made the ME fraction of better potentials. Gas chromatography-mass spectrum (GC-MS) analysis of the ME fraction revealed 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (16.87%), Methyl 6-O-[1-methylpropyl]-β-D-galactopyranoside (16.07%), 4H-Pyran-4-one,2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy- (8.28%), 6-methyl-β-D-glucopyranose, 1,6-anhydro- (6.56%), 2-heptanol (6.82%), stigmastan-3,5-diene (4.32%) amongst others. This research demonstrates that extract and fractions from aerial part of H. rotundifolia possesses antioxidant, antimicrobial and nutritive potentials, albeit with generally weak antifungal activity and, may be attributed to the presence of its phytochemical constituents.
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