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    Load frequency control of a hydro dominating interconnected power system
    (2020-12) Joshi, Milan; Sharma, Gulshan; Davidson, Innocent Ewaen
    Energy is one of the vital figures that impact the development of civilization in the 21st century. It has been projected that by the year 2050, global energy needs will be satisfied by renewable sources. Among these renewable energy resources hydropower is available worldwide with relatively cheaper accessibility for most of the communities. Nevertheless, hydropower's control architecture raises concern for the system operators in terms of preserving the Load Frequency Control (LFC) services due to the elongated response time of hydro turbines in catering for the varying load demands. The varying load demands are inevitable in the power system due to different clients’ energy consumption patterns at different times. This, therefore, places changing control framework requests as per the requirement of diverse clients. Hence, the research proposes and demonstrates the connection of the hydro-hydro framework through the AC tie- line for LFC. The Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) is a plan for hydro overseeing framework in discrete mode. The application derived is displayed through closed- loop feedback gains and closed-loop eigenvalues. In the expansion model, the positive effect of a Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) and Redox Flow Battery (RFB) in LFC studies is investigated. This proposition moreover shows the joint endeavors of Fuzzy Logic (FL) as well as Proportional Integral Derivative (PID), with control gains well-calculated, through Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) result into a robust FL-PSO-PID for LFC of the connected hydro framework. The different errors are defined to assess the yield as well as the execution of the FL-PSO-PID. The yield appears through a decline in blunder values as well as minimization in framework responses from accurate estimation for the LFC under various working conditions such as non- linearity, random load alteration, and parametric move as a result of a precise estimate. In the expansion, the effect of energy storage devices is also investigated to understand the enhancement provided frequency control of the hydro system, and the result obtained shows their effectiveness. Finally, the outcomes and future extent of this investigation work have been presented.
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    Maximization of hydropower generation from Hazelmere Dam in South Africa
    (Business Perspectives, 2015) Mashiyane, Thulasizwe Innocent; Olofintoye, Oluwatosin Onaopemipo; Adeyemo, Josiah
    Harnessing more energy from existing water sources within the frontier of the country is germane in capacitating the South African Government’s commitment to reduction of the country’s greenhouse gas emissions and transition to a low-carbon economy while meeting a national target of 3 725 megawatts by 2030. This study aims to determine the amount of energy that can be generated from Hazelmere Dam on the Mdloti River, South Africa. Behavioral analyses of the Hazelmere reservoir were performed using plausible scenarios. Feasible alternative reservoir operation models were formulated and investigated to determine the best operating policy and power system configuration. The optimi-zation models were formulated to maximize hydropower generation while keeping within the limits of existing irriga-tion demands. Differential evolution algorithm was employed to search feasible solution space for the best policy. Findings suggest that if the water resource in the dam is properly managed, about 558.54 MWh of annual energy may be generated from the reservoir under medium flow condition without system failure.