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Item Towards a comprehensive model of community-based tourism development(Taylor and Francis, 2016) Mtapuri, Oliver; Giampiccoli, AndreaCommunity-based tourism (CBT) offers both opportunities and challenges in the quest for holistic community development. The evolution and development of CBT projects can follow different trajectories. This conceptual paper’s main contribution is the formulation of a comprehensive model of the development of CBT. The model suggests that CBT projects can be initiated from within and outside the community by the private, public and non-governmental sectors or a combination of these using a top-down or bottom-up approach. It also posits that CBT projects can take a formal or informal character depending on the conditions leading to their initiation. The paper highlights the benefits and constraints to the scaling up or down of operations linked to informality. It supports further research in analyzing the various aspects associated with the shift from formality to the informality of CBT projects and vice versa and the relationship with CBT development and holistic community development.Item Are ‘Albergo Diffuso’ and community-based tourism the answers to community development in South Africa?(Taylor and Fancis Online, 2016-05-26) Giampiccoli, Andrea; Saayman, Melville; Jugmohan, SeanConventional mass tourism shortcomings have facilitated the origin of alternative forms of tourism such as community-based tourism (CBT). Lately, another form of tourism known as ‘Albergo Diffuso’ (AD) has also been mentioned as a possible strategy to revive depressed specific local contexts, such as townships, villages and small towns. This article’s aim is twofold: first to contextualise the concept of AD in the South African milieu and secondly to investigate the possible relationship and role that CBT and AD could have. In this context, specific characteristics and similarities between CBT and AD are explored. The article’s main contribution concerns the exploration of the AD concept as an alternative form of tourism related to local community development. This is the first time that this concept has been presented in a South African context.Item Moving beyond the 3S's—Sun, Sea, and Sand : an interpretation of the Tourism Development Strategy Framework for Abu Dhabi, U.A.Eb(The Arab World Geographer, 2014-12) Giampiccoli, Andrea; Mtapuri, Oliver;This article unpacks the development of Abu Dhabi as a tourist destination, looking at its diversification strategy from the perspective of an oil-dependent economy attempting to move away from oil dependency. Based on a review of academic literature, government documents, and online sources, it fills a gap in understanding the growth trajectory Abu Dhabi has chosen in overcoming oil dependency. Abu Dhabi has gone beyond the 3S's to incorporate cultural tourism among its value propositions, as well as shopping and architecture; its strategy for sustainable tourism development embraces the economic, environmental, cultural, and social pillars of development. This article postulates a framework of tourism development for Abu Dhabi that shows movement beyond the 3S (or other multiple-S) model based on tourism attractions; the framework is important to inform both practice and policy with respect to tourism development in the U.A.E. and elsewhere in the world.Item Community-based tourism research in academic journals: a numerical analysis(AJOL, 2015) Mtapuri, Oliver; Giampiccoli, Andrea; Spershott, ClaireThis article examines the growth of Community-Based Tourism within the broader discipline of tourism. New topics in the field have emerged such as responsible tourism, pro-poor tourism, sports tourism and moral impacts of tourism. This phenomenon also reflects the multidisciplinarity of tourism. In this article, using the Title, Abstract and Keywords (TAK) for instances in which the words (Community-based Tourism, Community Tourism and Community-Based Eco-Tourism) to subsume Community-Based Tourism (CBT), a search was made in various databases and found that CBT as a sub-specialty of tourism started to emerge in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The number of articles published specifically on CBT has been growing phenomenally. The major contribution of this article is that we now know the evolution of CBT and we also now know its trajectory of growth which has been upward. While the number of articles on CBT is growing, there is no journal dedicated solely to CBT.Item Community-based tourism: origins and present trends(AJOL, 2015) Giampiccoli, AndreaUnderstanding the origins of Community Based Tourism helps in mapping its possible trajectories. Past and current trends are important to unlock the possibilities in the future. This paper posits that with a better understanding of the original conceptualization, practices and roles of CBT, possibilities will abound to understand contemporary CBT matters. It argues that since its origins to current times, the CBT approach has endured a significant mismatch from the original aims and strategies of CBT in terms of practical approaches and outcomes. The hallmarks of a genuine CBT project include local control (rather than mere involvement), decision making at all the stages of the project’s life cycle, equitable sharing of the collective benefits, within the context of a holistic, bottom-up approach to community development. Instead CBT projects have been distancing themselves to different degree from genuine CBT projects.