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Item Characterization of Fe states in dilute 57 Mn implanted SnO 2 film(Springer Link, 2014-04) Gunnlaugsson, H.P.; Nomura, K.; Mølholt, Torben Esmann; Shayestehaminzadeh, S.; Johnston, K.; Mantovan, R.; Masenda, H.; Ncube, M.; Bharuth-Ram, Krish; Gislason, H.; Langouche, G.; Naidoo, D.; Ólafsson, S.; Weyer, G.States of dilute Fe in SnO2 have been monitored using 57Fe emission Mössbauer spectroscopy following implantation of 57Mn (T 1/2 = 85.4 s) in the temperature range from 143 K to 711 K. A sharp annealing stage is observed at ~330 K where the Fe3 + /Fe2 + ratio shows a marked increase. It is suggested that this annealing stage is due to the dissociation of Mn-VO pairs during the lifetime of 57Mn; the activation energy for this dissociation is estimated to be 0.9(1) eV. Fe3 + is found in a paramagnetic state showing spin-lattice relaxation rates consistent with an expected T 2 dependence derived for a Raman process. In addition, a sharp lined doublet in the Mössbauer spectra is interpreted as due to recoil produced interstitial Fe.