Theses and dissertations (Management Sciences)

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Assessment of supplier and process quality during the COVID-19 pandemic : a case study in one of South African manufacturing companies
(2024) Ndlovu, Bhekisisa Nkululeko; Naidoo, R.; Singh, S.
This study focused on assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on supplier and process quality and how the company responded to the crisis to ensure the seamless continuity of daily operations. The research evaluated the impact of the pandemic on the supplier and process quality departments statistically. The researcher also used statistics to determine whether supplier and process quality departments should implement new processes to mitigate and prevent future disruptions. The study examined employees’ general perceptions of the pandemic, the strengths, and weaknesses of the company, and how the pandemic affected its business, as well as the trends that were happening. The total sample size, as well as sample size for questionnaire and interviews was 27 but only 20 participants manage to participate on interviews and only 25 participants manage to participate on survey questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed and tested using pilot study. A total of 6 employees were interviewed as part of pilot study process. A mixed method research was used, this allowed the researcher to display findings statistically and theoretical. NVivo software was used to analyse qualitative data and SPSS software was used to analyse quantitative data. The findings of the study indicated that the pandemic had a significant impact on both supplier and process quality, with the entire company experiencing disruptions in its supply chain. The company employed various actions, including remote work, a reduced workforce, and virtual meetings to ensure daily operations were carried out. These actions helped the company maintain business continuity and minimise the impact of the pandemic on its operations. The study identified some of the strengths and weaknesses, as well as visible trends within the company, which included its ability to adapt quickly to changes and its adoption of remote working. The study recommends that companies should focus on improving supplier and process quality, enhancing communication with suppliers, and establishing contingency plans to ensure business continuity. Companies should also adopt strategies to avoid inconvenience, such as conducting supply audits, hiring skilled individuals, and ensuring regular training. This research will assist the organisation in realigning its commitment to providing quality products and services. The researcher worked hand in hand with supplier and process quality management to find optimum solutions to COVID-19 challenges such as parts shortages, delays between departments, and absenteeism, as these are the most important factors that affected its business. It was also noted that since the COVID-19 pandemic started, customers” expectations for better-quality products increased. Total quality management (TQM) should be used as a tool to eliminate COVID-19 pandemic related issues in the supplier and process quality department.
Sustainability Reporting (SR) in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) : a corporate governance and ownership structure perspective
(2024) Blay, Marshall Wellington; Hoeyi, Prosper Kweku; Badu, Ebenezer Agyemang
The level of sustainability reporting (SR) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is still low and unsatisfactory. Nonetheless, studies on corporate governance and SR in SSA are limited. The immaturity of the capital markets of the SSA limits the acquisition of valid and reliable sustainability data. Most studies on corporate governance and SR are therefore, largely within the context of businesses in the developed world with matured capital markets. There is also evidence of limited emphasis on the boundary condition of ownership structure in the relationship between corporate governance and sustainability reporting. The aim of this study was to investigate the moderating role of ownership structure in the extent to which the corporate governance practices of businesses in SSA promote SR. The study focused on SSA's publicly listed non-financial firms as of 31 December 2021. STATA 14.1 and GMM were used to analyze secondary data. The Arellano-Bond dynamic panel-data estimation method was applied to a balanced panel of 1,969 observations from 275 groups spanning 2012 to 2021. The study revealed ownership structure notably shaped corporate governance's effect on sustainability disclosure in SSA listed businesses. In addition it was found that government ownership bolstered board independence's environmental sustainability reporting (ESR) impact, while foreign ownership weakened Board female gender diversity (BFGD) influence. Board independence enhanced social sustainability reporting (SSR), but government ownership weakened audit committee attributes' SSR link. Foreign ownership amplified the connection between audit committee size and SSR, but weakened it for sustainability committee independence. BFGD, board independence, independent remuneration, and sustainability committees positively correlated with ESR. Conversely, larger remuneration committees and more sustainability meetings negatively related to reduced ESR. It is therefore imperative for SSA firms to establish standard CSR/ESG boards for functional effectiveness. In a nutshell, the influence of corporate governance on reporting is moderated by ownership structure, highlighting the importance of tailored ownership arrangements to enhance sustainability reporting. Policies should prioritize environmental and social reporting, as it receives less emphasis compared to traditional financial reporting.
The key success factors and barriers within the Ghanaian tourism and hospitality industry : the balanced scorecard approach
(2024) Neequaye, Kate; Agbenyegah, Albert Tchey
Ghana has diverse array of attractions ranging from cultural heritage sites to pristine beaches and vibrant wildlife reserves, Ghana has positioned itself as an increasingly popular destination for both domestic and international travellers. As a result, this study's goal is to address the issue that was discovered, utilizing the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) as its assessment method. This study took the form of a descriptive design where both qualitative and quantitative research design was adopted. A questionnaire and an interview was used to collect primary data from a sample of three hundred participants, based on multi-stage and simple random sampling techniques. The data was collected within tourism and hospitality facilities in the Central and Western regions of Ghana. The statistical programme, SPSS version 25.0, was used to analyse the data. The study also made use of regression analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and cross tabulation. With regards to the qualitative analysis, the data was analysed using a verbatim transcription analysis method. The results of the study also provided baseline data that can, over time, assist other researchers to appreciate and assess the tourism and hospitality industry in Ghana using the BSC approach. It also provides an empirical basis for effective measurement of the tourism and hospitality industry’s KSFs and contributes to the scholarly debate in tourism and hospitality literature. This study also contributes to the theoretical orientation of KSFs and the BSC in Ghana and the literature related to the tourism and hospitality industry, which addresses some relevant concepts, such as profit making, branding, marketing and the enhancement of employee and customer perspectives about the industry.
The effects of risk mitigation and local knowledge in disaster-prone communities in Jozini Local Municipality
(2024) Gumede, Ayanda Mumetheni; Fagbadebo, Omololu Michael
Risk mitigation and local knowledge in disaster-prone communities worldwide require an integrated approach to safeguard lives and minimize damages. Climatic changes in the Jozini area, resulting in flooding as well as other related hazards have underscored the necessity for the local government to consolidate its strategies for disaster risk mitigation together with traditional authorities to tap into local knowledge towards disaster management. Challenges within the Jozini Local Municipality (JLM), include a shortage of trained personnel in risk assessment and disaster response, a lack of suitable community organizations with the necessary skills to participate in the disaster management process, and inadequate disaster preparedness kits. Further, the community of Jozini and its environs have their understanding about the causes and risk mitigation measures that in most instances run counter to the efforts and actions of the JLM disaster management protocols. This study aims to identify solutions for the practical implementation of risk mitigation and local knowledge efforts and explore its related theoretical aspects. The research explores the existing risk mitigation and local knowledge in disaster-prone communities in use at JLM, along with the pertinent guidelines currently available. The study adopts an interpretive research philosophy, grounded in a qualitative research approach. The Study draws on the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) which sheds light on the threat as well as the coping appraisal of people within a community. Specifically, an exploratory research design is chosen to gain a deeper understanding of risk mitigation and local knowledge in JLM. Convenience sampling was utilized to select ten tribal leaders from selected tribes within the Jozini community as well as 4 personnel from the Jozini safety and disaster management department for interviews. Data gathered from the interviews were transcribed, categorized, and analyzed thematically. The findings indicated that the daily life practices of tribal leaders (elders) in Jozini, and by extension, the community, are influenced by ancestral wisdom, which sometimes contradicts modern science. There appears to be a strong correlation between cultural wisdom and mystical beliefs. Meanwhile, officials from the JLM are striving to leverage local knowledge to address disasters by collaborating with the community in decision-making for disaster management. This collaboration aims to ensure effective preparedness and response efforts. Additionally, the findings underscored the crucial necessity of ensuring the positive impact of controlled practices and municipal initiatives for coping. Collaboration with stakeholders, such as water affairs, the Department of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs (COGTA), and the Department of Basic Education, needs to be pursued to make disaster mitigation efforts a collective responsibility.
Entrepreneurial financial governance strategies used by the Technical Universities in Ghana
(2024) Ofosu, Richard Dwamena; Lekhanya, Lawrence Mpele; Boadi, Eric Kofi
The primary research objective of this study is to identify those factors considered critical that contribute to entrepreneurial financial strategies of governance in the TUs of Ghana and propose strategies for improvement that could enhance the generating of revenue by these institutions. Other sub-objectives examined the reliability of entrepreneurial financial governance strategies in technical universities in Ghana and the a n a l y s i s of the entrepreneurial financial leadership governance role in the dynamic capabilities of developing TUs in Ghana. The study adopted a mixed methodology, comprising quantitative and qualitative data gathering and analysis. The 10 technical universities in Ghana made up the study population, with the target population comprising senior staff of the Centre for Business Development and Entrepreneurship, Finance departments and Directorate of Internal Audit of these institutions. The study selected 160 respondents for the quantitative study and 12 participants for the qualitative study by means of census sampling for the quantitative study and purposive sampling for the qualitative study. Whereas the quantitative study instrument comprised a questionnaire, the qualitative data instrument consisted of an interview guide, with the latter developed to enable the researcher to question participants on issues the questionnaire could not provide. SPSS enabled quantitative data processing; where analysis used descriptive analysis. Frequencies, means, and standard deviations, as well as SEM. For the qualitative data, thematic network analysis was used to generate themes after transcriptions had been completed and the data coded using NVIVO 12 software. The study revealed Pearson’s Correlation coefficient = 0.693 (p = 0.03), which shows a strong and significant relationship between the financial governance and growth of the University. In addition, a significant value of 0.01 suggests the relationship between entrepreneurial leadership and growth is significant. This further suggests that when the various leaders in the TUs have the relevant entrepreneurial skills, their work ethics will propel and foster growth within the TUs community. The findings further revealed that entrepreneurial financial governance strategies of the surveyed technical universities are affected by both internal and external environmental factors, including economic factors, limit of state regulation. Inadequate budgetary allocation, and lack of financial monitoring systems, as well as lack of entrepreneurship culture and management competence. The study concluded that benchmarking and continuous improvement, collaboration and strategic alliance, along with income diversification, the role of leadership and entrepreneurship, and efficient resource allocation can be effective strategies in financial governance in technical universities in Ghana to achieve financial sustainability. The study supports national efforts to promote innovation, entrepreneurship, and economic development by focusing on entrepreneurial financial governance. The study's insights may have broader applicability beyond Ghana, serving as a benchmark for other developing nations facing comparable challenges in funding higher education.
The behaviour of small investors in the derivatives market of the Johannesburg Stock Exchange
(2024) Ige, Bosede Olatomi; Adebayo, Rufus
The investment approach of individual investors varies from that of institutional investors, and each investor's strategies differ from one another. Investors must select the right investment path based on their unique requirements, risk tolerance, and expected returns, which adds complexity and criticality to the decision-making process. Therefore, this study investigates and identifies the key factors that influence the behaviour of small investors (individual/retail investors) in the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) derivatives market and ascertains the key factors that influence individual investor’s decision-making in derivative markets in South Africa. The study used finance theories, such as, traditional finance theory and efficient market hypothesis theory with a focus on behavioural finance theory to explain investors’ decision making from a psychological point of view. In the past, there was a prevailing belief that investors made rational decisions when it came to their investments, while efficient Market Theory proposed that markets efficiently incorporate price-related information. Whereas behavioural finance studies have consistently shown that investors are susceptible to psychological factors that can compromise the rationality of their financial decisions. This study examined the psychological factors that influence individual investors’ behaviour in derivative markets that are traded under the umbrella of the Johannesburg stock exchange. The survey's sample size and data collection units were determined through questionnaires and interviews conducted with both investors and brokers. Five hundred questionnaires were sent to the participants and 414 responses were retrieved. 25 interview questions were sent out to the investors and brokers and 16 response was received back from the market investors and brokers. The research utilized a mixed-methods approach, integrating both quantitative and qualitative techniques for data analysis. The findings reveal that investors’ behaviour is been influenced by various psychological factors in the financial market. Factor analysis was utilized to identify and categorize the factors while also assessing validity. Additionally, Cronbach's Alpha was employed to evaluate the survey instrument's reliability. Thus, the findings from this study are that psychological factors, Accounting Information, Personal Attitude and Risk perception are the significant factors that influence investors’ investment behaviour while demographic factors and financial literacy have no influence on investors’ behaviour. Hence, investors should exercise caution and careful consideration when engaging in derivative market investments. Furthermore, market authorities and governmental bodies should take steps to provide assistance to investors both during the decision-making process and afterward.
Waste management practices among manufacturing organisations in the iLembe Municipal District in KwaZulu-Natal
(2024) Reddy, Everlane; Zondo, Robert Walter Dumisani
Manufacturing organisations are responsible for depleting an extensive portion of the earth's renewable resources, as well as contributing to air pollution, water contamination and waste generation. Unsustainable waste management practices exacerbate biodiversity loss, contribute to the ramifications of global warming and endanger public health. Therefore, the aim of the present investigation was to explore the nature and extent to which manufacturing organisations in the Municipal District of iLembe in KwaZulu-Natal embrace sustainable waste management practices. The empirical investigation has adopted a quantitative research design, with a standardised structured questionnaire that was distributed to all manufacturing organisations within the iLembe Municipal District in KwaZulu-Natal, which consisted of 262 manufacturing organisations in total. Due to the relatively small size, the entire target population was surveyed. According to the results of the study, only 70.23 per cent of participants from the 262 manufacturing organisations participated in this study. The data was evaluated with the aid of statistical software, version 27 of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The objectives and questions of this research inquiry were achieved. Upon analysis of the data, it was discovered that the majority of respondents at 61% agreed that their organisations waste is recycled in-house. The second highest number of respondents at 60% stated that their organisation re-uses waste to manufacture other products, while 48% of the respondents stated that their organisation incinerates waste. Another key outcome of the study revealed that chemical waste was the most prevalent type of waste generated in the Municipal District of iLembe in KwaZulu-Natal, which is alarming and can be harmful if toxins such as mercury and lead are not properly disposed of, with certain chemicals consisting of high global warming potentials due to their accumulation and persistence in the environment. In addition, the drivers that influence sustainable waste management practices and the barriers that hamper sustainable waste management practices among manufacturing organisations in the iLembe Municipal District in KwaZulu-Natal were assessed and analysed.
An assessment of sustainable supply chain management practices in the upstream pharmaceutical industry of Ghana
(2024) Kumadey, Gifty; Agbenyegah, A. T.
The drive for the adoption of Sustainable Supply Chain Management practices among pharmaceutical companies is on the rise given the global effort to attain net zero of carbon emissions as well as attaining other targets for the sustainable development goals. The pharmaceutical industry plays vital role in the manufacturing and distribution of medications, and therefore sustainability issues are critical for the survival of the industry. However, the adoption of sustainable practices in the upstream pharmaceutical industry is still low, and there is lack of empirical research in this area, particularly in emerging economies like Ghana. This study aims to fill this gap by examining the level of adoption of sustainable supply chain practices, focusing on the role of the policy framework, the influence of these practices on company performance, and the role of top executives in ensuring sustainability. The study utilizes a mixed method approach and leverages the upper echelon theory to explore the role of managers on sustainable supply chain practices. This dissertation explore the state of the upstream pharmaceutical Sustainable Supply Chain Management practices in Ghana, evaluate the role of the upstream pharmaceutical policy framework of Ghana on supply chain sustainability, identify how upstream pharmaceutical Sustainable Supply Chain Management Practices influence the performance of pharmaceutical companies in Ghana, and to examine the role of top management in ensuring upstream pharmaceutical sustainable supply chain management practices in Ghana. By addressing the above objectives, the study promotes academic debate and provides insights for policy directions in the pharmaceutical industry for sustainable growth and development. The research design includes both explanatory and exploratory approaches, with a concurrent/parallel mixed methods design combining quantitative and qualitative data. Specifically, the concurrent triangulation design mixed method was adopted. The target population was employees of locally owned upstream pharmaceutical companies in the Greater Accra region of Ghana. From a finite population of about 2000, stratified and purposive strategies were used to select 18 participants under the qualitative aspect, while random sampling technique was used to select 334 for the quantitative aspect of the study. Therefore, the total sample size for this study was 352 participants. Data collection involved the use of questionnaire and structured interview guide, and data analysis included structural equation modeling for quantitative data and thematic analysis as well as content analysis for qualitative data. Quantitative results indicated that Sustainable Supply Chain Management practices have a positive significant association with Sustainable Supply Chain Management performance for upstream pharmaceutical companies. Results showed that, there was positive impact of Top Management Commitment on Sustainable Supply Chain Management to performance. Furthermore, there was justification for Top Management Commitment as a moderator on the association between Sustainable Supply Chain Management practices and Sustainable Supply Chain Management performance. The study's findings on sustainable supply chain management practices in the upstream pharmaceutical sector in Ghana have significant theoretical, managerial, and policy implications. The interviews revealed the importance of socially inclusive practices, eco-friendly manufacturing, waste management, supplier involvement, and collaborations are important factors to consider in achieving sustainability goals. Theoretical implications include the recognition of responsible sourcing as a crucial component of sustainable supply chain management and the importance of socially responsible human resource management strategies. Managerially, the adoption of green manufacturing practices, waste management, and supplier engagement are highlighted as strategies for enhancing sustainability. Policy implications emphasize the need for supportive policies and regulations that promote responsible sourcing, green manufacturing, waste management, and supplier engagement in the upstream of pharmaceutical industry. The study contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence of the positive association between sustainable supply chain management and organizational performance. The role of top management in ensuring the adoption and implementation of sustainable supply chain management practices is crucial, with implications for leadership, resource allocation, collaboration, and stakeholder engagement. Policy-wise, support for sustainable supply chain management practices and capacity-building initiatives are crucial for the adopting and implementations of these practices within the pharmaceutical industry. Overall, the study provides insights for theory, practice, and policy to enhance sustainability in the pharmaceutical supply chain.
The influence of property valuations on real estate investment decisions by businesses in Uganda
(2024) Okumu, Benon; Chikafalimani, Samuel H. P.; Moyo, Sibusiso; Musinguzi, Moses; Kibwami, Nathan
Real estate, like other investment options, is associated with risks. As such, real estate business investors strive to reduce these risks associated with the investment in order to maximise returns. Reducing the risks entails analysis of the various factors that may affect the potential investment opportunity before deciding on which investment to pursue. Accurate property valuations play a significant role by influencing real estate business investment decisions. Whereas the tolerable margin of valuation accuracy globally, is between +/- 10%, concerns have been raised by businesses in Uganda about the increasing margin of the property valuation inaccuracy that have led to several businesses making poor real estate investment decisions, resulting into severe financial losses and at times, bankruptcy. As such, this research, which focusses on the influence of property valuations on real estate investment decisions by businesses in Uganda, was undertaken to address concerns about the increasing valuation inaccuracies in the country. The study adopted a mixed method research design based on literature review, focus group discussions and an online questionnaire survey. A total of 196 real estate business investors and practicing property valuers comprising members of the Association of Real Estate Agents Uganda and the Institution of Surveyors of Uganda were purposively sampled. A narrow understanding of the choice and application of property valuation methods was ranked as the highest cause of valuation inaccuracies (Mean = 4.03), followed by poor property market information dissemination (Mean = 3.8). The erosion of public trust in property valuations, misallocation of resources, financial losses and bankruptcy were found to be the main consequences of inaccurate property valuations in Uganda. These findings confirmed that property valuations can influence real estate business investment decisions. A thematic analysis of recommendations by the respondents led to the development of a comprehensive valuation model for Uganda, focused on the candid interaction between the real estate business investor and the property valuer, as well as the contributions by key stakeholders such as the government, valuation organisation, education institutions and the valuation client. The study recommends enhancement of property valuation data availability, accessibility and reliability, development and promotion of relevant CPD programs for valuers, creation of public awareness on property valuation, enactment of a specific law for valuation and a law for real estate agency, development and enforcement of valuation standards and promotion of further research for the development of the valuation profession. The study further recommends that specific research be conducted to establish the extent of valuation variance in Uganda. In addition, the ongoing interventions to improve property valuation accuracy in Uganda should be aligned to the proposed property valuation model for the assurance of their effectiveness, efficiency, credibility, accuracy and accountability to support real estate investment decisions by businesses in Uganda.
The implication of women entrepreneurs’ empowerment projects on poverty alleviation in South Africa : a case study of the Department of Small Business Development
(2024) Ngubane, Sisanda Michelle; Adebayo, Olusegun Joseph; Adeniyi, Olushola
This study identified and examined the implication of women entrepreneurs’ empowerment projects on poverty alleviation in South Africa. The significance of this research study is in the contribution of its results and recommendations to the survival of women-owned projects. The target demographic consisted of thirty (30) women-led SMMEs in Durban and Johannesburg. Participants had to have been in business for five years, be a small-scale company owner, be African, be between the ages of 25 and 40, be registered with a women's business body, and be a cooperative member. Participants who met seven unique criteria were chosen. The investigation brought several critical concerns to light. For example, 100% of the selected respondents agreed that better access to loans and financial support from government institutions would help women-owned businesses succeed. The respondents stated that they frequently are unaware of government institutions that give finance and support to women in business and what they offer to entrepreneurs because this information is not readily available to them. In this study, the purposive sampling strategy was applied. The primary method of gathering data was through interviews. The study covers a fair deal of ground, with five major themes emerging from the thorough findings from the qualitative data and analyses. The emerging themes: used were staffing and impact, support, training and investment, the value of women entrepreneurs' empowerment projects and recommendations. The partnership between government and women-led projects was agreed upon by 75% of respondents as a tool for poverty alleviation and job creation. Furthermore, 80% recognise the study's strategic location; Durban and Johannesburg are accessible and convenient for new and current businesses. This suggests that Durban provides a competitive edge. Corruption (tender processes or assessments), bribery, and a lack of justice in government operations, notably to issue business, were identified as problems hindering the growth of 85% of respondents' firms. Recommendations on how women projects identified can be better empowered and managed to support their businesses and alleviate poverty in this country were provided by the selected number of women entrepreneurs interviewed. Women entrepreneurs should work together with the Department of Small Business Development (DBSA) as it is mandated by the government to assist entrepreneurs and focus on small business development. DBSA should lead by gaining insight into women's entrepreneurship using a literature study. Furthermore, the DBSA should determine the obstacles and socio-cultural constraints affecting women's entrepreneurial activities in both provinces (Gauteng and KwaZulu Natal), analyse the unique challenges women entrepreneurs face in starting and growing their businesses, and execute/implement programs such as development and support programs for women entrepreneurs and their needs. Research on entrepreneurship indicates that women launch companies more frequently than men, particularly in developing nations. These studies demonstrate the vital role that women entrepreneurs play in many economies' efforts to create jobs, generate income, and increase revenue. They also demonstrate how their business endeavours help to lessen the wealth gap that currently exists between men and women.
Employers' perspectives of Durban University of Technology's Work Intergrated Learning students
(2024) Singh, Shireen; Pillay, Strini
Work Integrated Learning (WIL) focuses on the student applying their theoretical knowledge achieved at the University to that of the workplace. The anticipated outcome is an enriched understanding of the workplace, how it functions and thereby allowing the student to become competent and proficient. At DUT, selective qualifications have WIL as a compulsory module for students. In order for a student to fulfil the requirement to graduate, the student must successfully complete a placement at an industry partner for a stipulated period. The University conducts monitoring and assessments during the placement. In this study, the purpose was to explore and analyse the perspectives of employers regarding WIL students. WIL programs have gained prominence as an effective means of bridging the gap between academic education and industry requirements. Understanding the employers’ viewpoints is crucial in assessing the impact and effectiveness of the WIL initiatives and identifying areas for improvement. This study applied mixed comprising quantitative and qualitative studies. Theories aligned to Work Integrated Learning (WIL) guided the discussion about employers’ perspectives of Durban University of Technology. The findings of the study reveal that employers (industry partners) noted the need for the improvement of the quality of the students. Much of which can be achieved through the development and enhancement of the students’ knowledge as required for the world of work. There is a need to implement an integrated system that supports a value-added consistency of information. In addition, computerized systems are in all spheres of the work environment and the university must ensure that there exist programs that allows for adequate practical usage of such programs.
The relationship between corporate governance and service quality in the South African banking industry : a case study of Capitec Bank
(2024-06) Dlakiya, Catherine Qaqamba; Msuya, N. H.; Reddy, K.
The study sought to investigate the relationship between corporate governance and service quality in the South African banking industry. To achieve the study aims, a mixed methods approach was used, which included a set of questionnaires distributed to Capitec Bank clients and employees. Client data was collected and analysed using descriptive sampling techniques (SPSS) and employee data was collected and analysed using NVIVO software. Questionnaires were distributed to 30 Capitec Bank employees and 384 clients at three Capitec Bank locations in the Durban area (Westwood Mall, Overport City Shopping Centre and The Pavilion Shopping Centre). The researcher distributed a face-to-face, paper-based data collection tool personally to the participants. Respondents were chosen via non-probability sampling. The problem of the study emanated from the seriousness of the challenges confronting banks, since a number of scandals and crises have occurred in the history of corporate governance, causing substantial damage. To tackle these issues and find solutions to address them, excellent corporate governance must be established; hence, improving corporate governance may have a positive impact on service quality, leading to increased customer satisfaction and loyalty. The issue has been resolved. The study's findings show that there are sufficient and effective laws and rules that support strong corporate governance practices; the bank is effectively controlled; and it has ethical policies and procedures. Furthermore, the bank has internal programs in place to improve the level of service it provides to its customers. This means that Capitec Bank's successful involvement in corporate governance to enhance standards of service quality may have an impact on customer happiness and loyalty. Based on the findings of the study, recommendations have been made to close the gaps and, finally, improve service quality so that the bank may achieve customer satisfaction and, as a result, higher productivity. It was recommended that internal programs be enhanced to increase service quality. This will result in happier clients and better compliance with corporate governance norms. It was also recommended that bank management work towards improving appropriate corporate governance procedures to maintain customer satisfaction; a lack of these procedures may have a negative effect on customer satisfaction. In Chapter Five, the final chapter of this thesis, a number of conclusions and recommendations are presented based on the findings.
The use of social media drive during Covid-19 crisis by small, medium and micro enterprises in rural KwaZulu–Natal
(2024-06) Mpungose, Godfrey Sabelo; Lekhanya, Lawrence Mpele; Anwana, Emem
Globally, Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises are perceived as major economic growth contributors in solving problems pertaining to poverty alleviation, the high unemployment rate and inequalities. In countries such as China, the United States of America and the United Kingdom, these enterprises make a huge contribution to gross domestic product and have played a crucial role in poverty reduction and alleviating unemployment. In the context of South Africa, SMMEs are earmarked as strategic business mechanisms for job creation, innovation, competitiveness and economic growth. Rural SMMEs also play a remarkable role in promoting sustainable livelihoods in rural communities. However, in countries such as Brazil, France, the UK and Australia, investment in promoting SMME establishment has been operationalised, which has resulted in a greater impact on economic advancement, irrespective of projected environmental challenges. This signals SMMEs play a vital role in both developing and developed countries in contributing to their GDP. The South Africa government has invested much in promoting the establishment of SMMEs, with the intention of creating 90 percent new jobs by 2030, in accordance with the National Development Plan. Despite, this good intention, some SMMEs are unable to survive for more than five years due to various threats that affect their existence, which is of major concern to policy makers, researchers, government officials and other stakeholders with a key interest in this sector. Prior to the Covid-19 crisis, Rural SMMEs were faced with challenges such as lack of infrastructure and internet connectivity, which the outbreak of Covid-19 further exacerbated, with lockdown measures by government leading to some South African rural SMMEs closing down temporarily, numerous permanently, while others were declared technically insolvent. One of the factors that influence SMMEs worldwide, is their ability to use social media to create and maintain their business presence, communicate with customers and market and sell products/services. Nonetheless, rural SMMEs were found to lack social media strategies to support their survival and growth during the Covid-19 crisis, which implies not much was done regarding marketing, traditional or online, by rural SMMEs due to the high costs to sustain their business, resulting in a lack of operational cash flow due to the economic turmoil caused by the Covid-19 crisis. The research study, therefore, investigated rural SMME growth and survival, focusing on critical factors affecting their use of social media as driver to ensure their continued existence during the Covid-19 crisis, enabling them to survive and grow in future crises. The motive behind the study focus on KZN is because nothing much has been done concerning the use of social media as a tool, in contributing to the survival and growth of rural SMMEs during the Covid-19 crisis in developing countries, with special reference to South Africa in rural KwaZulu-Natal. Further exploration in the use of social media as rural SMME growth and survival driver during the Covid-19 crisis is, therefore, needed to overhaul the existing knowledge contribution in SMME survival and growth, particularly in South Africa, with special reference to rural KwaZulu-Natal. This study will investigate the current research gap regarding a comprehensive understanding of critical factors influencing rural SMME survival and growth during Covid-19 crisis, thereby preparing them to deal with future crises. The second objective will thus be to design and propose a social media model as a driver for SMMEs in rural KwaZulu-Natal to learn from the Covid-19 crisis, contributing to their continued growth and survival. Theoretical models were found to be insufficiently explored in previous studies. Therefore, this study intends to narrow the identified knowledge gaps through enhancing the state of South African SMMEs, with special reference SMMEs in rural KwaZulu-Natal, regarding their survival and growth during Covid-19 crisis. The study was conducted in seven rural places within the KwaZulu-Natal Province, using a quantitative method, where a closed-ended questionnaire was used to collect primary data, from 374 rural SMMEs owners and managers. A non- probability, convenience sampling technique was employed, with inferential and descriptive statistical data analysis undertaken using the Statistical package for Social Sciences (v27. 0) software. Rural SMMEs were found to have a lack of social media awareness, insufficient technology infrastructure, deficient internet connectivity, and a shortage of technical and managerial competencies to adopt and use social media during the Covid-19 crisis. This implies environmental factors had a huge negative influence on the use of social media by rural SMMEs; this resulted in a lack of innovation, which is instrumental in SMME survival and growth. Further constraints were found to include social support and networking that led to business failure in social media adoption and use, thus, social media marketing strategies were absent, with management perception constraints leading to business failure in using social media for survival and growth during the Covid-19 crisis. Survival and growth strategies were perceived as strategic business mechanisms to improve rural SMME performance in terms of their survival and growth during the Covid-19 crisis. The prime insights were provided in both practical and theoretical implications of the study. These findings enabled the design and proposal for implementation of a seven-stage social media model, as a survival and growth driving tool for rural SMME during crises, such as the Covid-19 pandemic and in future pandemics within the KwaZulu-Natal Province. It is recommended rural SMMEs should strengthen their innovativeness in order to embrace technology for social media adoption and use, in addition to investing in technology advancement, in order to adapt to rapid environmental changes. Moreover, government policy re-evaluation regarding rural SMME survival and growth mechanisms is recommended, in order that government regulations and policies promote rural SMME survival and growth in future pandemics in South Africa, with special reference to rural KZN.
Risk factors influencing informal contractors’ operations in the construction industry in selected local municipalities of the Free State Province, South Africa
(2024-08) Motlhale, Kelehile Joseph; Agbenyegah, Albert Tchey
Operations by informal contractors in the construction industry plays an indispensable role in informal economy of South Africa. However, several risk factors have continued to influence the successful operations of informal contractor in the construction industry of South Africa. This study therefore assesses the risk factors that influence informal contractors’ operations in the construction industry. A comprehensive literature backed by different but related theories such asthe dualists, the structuralists, and the voluntariststheories were sought to ascertain the risk factors that impede industry’s operations throughout the project life cycle. A convergence of mixed methods approach was employed to gather concurrent data through several multiple sources. A 5 Likert-scale questionnaire and interview schedule were distributed to 304 informal contractors to gather primary data. To ensure enough triangulation data process, 18 informal contractors divided into 3 groups of 6 participants per group participated in focus group discussions (FGDs) from 8 local municipalities (LMs). Qualitative and quantitative data were analysed through SPSS statistical software aided by descriptive and inferential tools supported by ANOVA to test formulated hypotheses. Qualitative data on the other hand, was analysed using the thematic approach. Themes and sub-themes were derived from the participants’ responses for meaningful inferences. The study revealed several risk factors such as project design, financial, material, decision making, physical and environmental risks among others that influence informal contractors’ operations in the construction industry. It was established that though majority of informal contractors attained minimum educational qualifications, yet they lack the requisite risk management knowledge within the construction industry. Risk factors such as project design, financial, materials and decision-making processes within the construction industry. Based on the study outcomes, it was concluded that informal contractors should reduce the impact of all forms of risk factors within the construction industry. To ensure maximum reduction of risk factors in the industry, this study suggests an integrated risk factor identification framework (IRFIF) to be applied by informal contractors during project operations. In general, the use of the IRFIF framework provides beneficial for informal contractors across the informal economy. The IRFIF serves as a strategic tool that is suggested to assist informal contractors to conduct an early identification of the risk factors during operations to mitigate the occurrence of possible risk factors in the industry.
Towards effective strategy implementation in the public sector : an appraisal of the Zimbabwe agenda for sustainable socio-economic transformation
(2024) Mapaona, Bennitta Desire; Lubombo, Musara
Public management scholarship consistently confronts the challenge of strategy implementation capabilities within the public sector, a pressing issue particularly pronounced in Zimbabwe, where institutions frequently face hurdles during implementation. Scholars lament the scarcity of empirical research aimed at improving public strategy implementation, particularly within Zimbabwe's socio-political context. Formulated in response to this invitation, this study addresses the challenges of implementing public strategies in Zimbabwe, focusing on the Zimbabwe Agenda for Sustainable Socio-economic Transformation (ZIMASSET) from 2013 to 2018. Using a critical realist approach and a pastiche of theories encompassing the environmental, cultural, power, and learning perspectives, the study examines the complex dynamics affecting public strategy implementation in unstable sociopolitical context such as Zimbabwe. Inspired by Sun Tsu's adaptable strategy principles, the study analyses interview data collected from participants in the Office of the President and Cabinet Permanent Secretaries, ZIMASSET implementors, and public intellectuals to examine key aspects of public strategy implementation. Findings reveal deep-rooted issues like political interference, leadership disengagement, outdated policies, and weak institutions, hindering ZIMASSET outcomes. The theoretical framework helps explain the environmental factors, cultural dynamics, power structures, and learning processes influencing ZIMASSET implementation, underscoring the need for multifaceted solutions. Challenges include limited stakeholder involvement, transparency issues, and external constraints such as economic sanctions. The study advances the discussion on public strategy implementation in Zimbabwe and proposes a framework for enhancing public strategy implementation. The proposed framework presents practical insights for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners. The study hopes to contribute to a broader understanding of the challenges in translating strategic plans into tangible socio-economic outcomes, potentially extending beyond Zimbabwe's borders.
The effectiveness of the supply chain management system at a selected community education & training college in KwaZulu-Natal
(2024) Mthethwa, Bhekefini Sibusiso Vincent; Jugmohan, Sean; Shonhiwa, Kudakwashe
The current Community Education and Training Colleges (CETCs) have evolved from the old Adult Education and Training (AET) system where all supply chain management processes were centralised nationally in Pretoria. The decentralisation of supply chain processes to CETs in 2019 meant that the CETCs were expected to carry out all the supply chain management functions. The devolving of the supply chain management (SCM) function to the CET colleges meant that a selected community education and training college (CETC) has a mandate of servicing all the community learning centres (CLCs) and satellite learning centres (SLCs) falling within their jurisdiction. This study embarked on an exploration of how a selected CETC has responded to the transition of inheriting SCM functions. This was done by: firstly attempting to establish how human and physical resources impact on SCM in a selected CETC; secondly the identification of possible prevalent SCM risks; thirdly identifying performance measures to supply chain practices; and fourthly establishing what supply chain risk mitigation strategies affected SCM practices. Against this backdrop, the study made recommendations on all four objectives in the process, also suggesting the possible risk mitigation that could be applied to the possible challenges that this study endeavoured to unmask or reveal. In order to collect data that would enable the study to draw these findings on the effectiveness of SCM in a selected CETC, a quantitative method was adopted. The study sourced data from a population size of 118 respondents comprising all management officials at the central office of the selected CETC and all CLC managers and satellite supervisors on the PERSAL system of the selected CETC. The study applied the STATA 17 software package to present the statistical data analysis of the data collected. Consequently, graphs and tables were used in the study to interpret data which corroborated the findings of the study on the effectiveness of SCM systems in a selected CETC, espoused in the objectives of the study.
Unfair credit practices, borrower challenges and risks, and the role of the National Credit Act in the eThekwini Metropolitan Area
(2024) Zulu, Lungelo Percival; Msuya, Norah Hashim; Womack, Anna Johanna Cathari
The South African government enacted the National Credit Act No. 34 of 2005 (NCA) primarily to increase consumer access to credit markets, protect consumers from unfair credit and credit-marketing practices by credit providers, promote a fair, accessible marketplace, and establish national norms and standards relating to consumer protection, as well as reduce consumer over-indebtedness. Consequently, credit providers are obligated to adhere to strict rules and regulations when determining a credit consumer's affordability prior to granting home loans. Given the importance of the NCA and the absence of support consumers received from the previous Usury Act No. 73 of 1968 and the Credit Agreements Act No. 75 of 1980, this research seeks to investigate unfair debt practices, challenges and risks experienced by borrowers in connection with unpaid debts, and the role and strategies of the NCA in addressing such challenges and risks. The study employed a quantitative research method. Respondents (credit consumers) completed a survey questionnaire (hardcopy or online) by indicating their credit perspective in terms of unfair credit practices encountered within the market; challenges when trying to access credit; risks in connection with unpaid debts; and the strategies of the NCA to prevent such challenges and risks; along with awareness of the Act. The data strongly suggested borrowers encountered multiple challenges and risks, as a direct result of unfair credit practices by providers. An overall analysis revealed borrowers are unclear regarding the NCA and its provisions. However, findings revealed the NCA does play a significant role in regulating the South African credit market. Prior to enactment of the Act, only a percentage of low- and middle-income groups had access to credit; to ensure equal access, a formal, accessible credit market had to be established.
Business leadership competency for innovative strategies post COVID-19 among small and medium enterprises in Gauteng Province, South Africa
(2023) Mugivhisa, Fulufhelo Lindelani; Ogulu, Christiana
The COVID-19 pandemic brought many challenges to South African business leaders, such as optimising hybrid teams, attracting and retaining workers with needed capabilities, and making the most of scarce competencies. Current and complex challenges require leadership with the necessary skills. Besides COVID-19 challenges, business organisations and Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) must deal with economic downfall, social unrest, and corruption. Leadership plays an important role in ensuring business competitiveness amid these challenges. This study investigated the business leadership competency required for innovative strategies required post-COVID-19 among SMEs in Gauteng Province, South Africa. This involves identifying leadership competencies and proposing a framework for innovative leadership. A sample size of 384 respondents was drawn from owner/managers of SMEs in Gauteng Province. A mixed-method approach was adopted using both structured interviews and a closed-ended questionnaire through an online survey. The results showed that most of the SMEs agreed that COVID-19 challenged SMEs with several difficulties. The research highlighted business leadership competencies for innovative strategies post-COVID-19. The main findings revealed that training and developing employees play a pivotal role in shaping and influencing business performance, which is critical to the success of a business and ensuring innovation. Furthermore, the survey results showed that most SME owners/managers prioritise the competency of setting targets, reviewing and improving financial performance. Results also indicated that adaptability, flexibility, and resilience are necessary to meet changing market conditions. Furthermore, the study highlighted the importance of building diverse and expansive networks. Additionally, findings show that SME Leaders must be willing to take calculated risks for the business to emerge successful.
An integrated approach to managing single-use-plastics
(2024) Roopnarian, Oshea; Singh, Shalini
Societies’ reliance on plastic materials and excessive consumption off Single-Use-Plastics (SUP) associated with poor regulations and conglomeration of plastic waste in the environment has had radical and far-reaching consequences on food chains, strained landfill territory and declined tourism, to name a few. The expanse of these effects suggests that the negative impact of SUP warrants urgent attention. There are urgent calls from the Group of Seven (G7), Group of Twenty (G20) and Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) intergovernmental bodies along with the United Nations Sustainability Development Goals to control the detrimental effects of SUP. This study aimed to develop an Integrated Quality and Environmental Management System (IQEMS) to control the consumption, use and pollution caused by SUP in the South African context. Accordingly, the objectives of this study explored selected quality (ISO 9001:2015) and environmental Standards (ISO 14001:2015) with their applications and a SWOT analysis in order to inform the integration process. This study followed a qualitative research approach and gathered data using a systematic literature review and thematic analyses. Two-hundred and twenty-three articles were selected from different databases such as Pubmed, Web of Science, Emerald, Scopus and Taylor and Francis. Some of the keywords that were used to search the databases were “SUP”, “ISO 9001”, “ISO 14001” “Industry 4.0”, “Risk Management”, “Plastic Pollution”, “Integrated Management Systems” and “SUP regulation”. Following these analyses, the study Benchmarked different legislative and economic strategies undertaken by other countries for both the private and public sector to mitigate the impact of SUP and developed an integrated management system (IQEMS). Thereafter, a perception study, using interviews was undertaken with experts to determine the usefulness of the proposed IQEMS. The research concluded that the integrative system was useful and the study presented a way forward for South Africa from the legislative level for both the private and public sectors in the management of SUP. It is envisaged that the integrated system can assist in developing guidelines and protocols for the facilitation of active involvement of municipal management in sustainable programmes. The outcomes of this can spur the development of different niche markets, thereby stimulating employment and the local economy.
Improving the administration of disability grants in South Africa’s social security agency
(2024-05) Luthuli, Mthokozisi Sydney; Dorasamy, Nirmala
Improving the administration of disability grants in South Africa’s Social Security Agency was the primary focus of the study. Although the South African social security grant categories include the child support grant, older age persons’ grant, disability grant, grant-in-aid, care dependency grant, war veterans grant and the foster child grants, this study only focused on disability grants. In South Africa, fraud and maladministration are among the challenges impacting the quality of public service delivery. In terms of the study, the impact of this amongst other issues were investigated. The aim of the study was to improve the administration of disability grants in South Africa’s Social Security Agency, identify gaps and forward recommendations. The study adopted a mixed method approach using the SASSA offices in Gauteng, Western Cape, and the KwaZulu-Natal provinces. The data collection tools were interviews and questionnaires, while SPSS and computer software instruments were used to analyse and interpret the findings. This study’s original contribution was to improve the disability grant policy by introducing a more critical framework for addressing the disability grant issues that undermine the effective administration of disability grants at the selected South African Social Security Agencies. The contribution to the study was three-fold [1] Gaps in literature; [2] a conceptual analysis; and [3] Methodological/theoretical (statistics and interview contribution).

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