Faculty of Arts and Design
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Item Safety of journalists from a gendered perspective : evidence from female journalists in Ghana’s rural and peri-urban media(University of the Free State, 2023-12-13) Adjin-Tettey, Theodora Dame; Asuman, Manfred A.K.; Ayim-Segbefia, Mary SelikemThis study sought to explore the safety risks female journalists working in Ghana`s rural and peri-urban media encounter while doing their work, how safe they feel and how they are coping with safety breaches. Thirteen semi-structured interviews with female journalists employed by Ghanaian broadcast media outlets in rural and peri urban areas were undertaken. Guided by Braun and Clark’s (2006) six steps for qualitative data analysis, interview transcripts were thematically analysed. It was found that physical and emotional security threats; poor working conditions were the main threats to female journalists working in Ghana’s rural and peri urban media. While there are generally bad working conditions, some participants believe that men receive more benefits and opportunities for professional growth than women. Compared to their male peers, females are occasionally ridiculed and refused training and professional opportunities. When there are safety violations, employers generally offer little assistance. Female journalists cope with violations and insecurities by self-censoring, avoiding working during specific hours of the day, and steering clear of reporting conflicts, politics, and elections as a safety measure. The study recommends that to avoid maladaptive actions by journalists, media organisations address the safety needs of their female journalists. Journalists themselves should look out for personal security initiatives to enhance their skills.Item Implicit gender-based violence against black high school girls in South African township schools(University of the Free State, 2024-03-29) Dlungwane, Angel Duduzile; Hamlall, VijaySchool-related gender-based violence (SRGBV) is a major obstacle to universal schooling and the right to education for girls. Inequitable gender norms and stereotypes, based on hierarchies and forms of subordination, amplify and contribute to the SRGBV. Extensive literature on gender-based violence in South African schools exists, and much of it explains the connection between masculinity and gender-based violence. There is a paucity of studies on the SRGBV in South Africa that focus on implicit nature of GBV. This paper draws upon semi-structured individual interviews and focus group interviews with girls, boys and educators at two South African township schools to examine implicit nature of GBV. The findings revealed that boys were the main perpetrators of implicit gender-based violence. The analysis showed that implicit violence took the form of joking, teasing, social bullying, alienation and spreading rumours. While in most cases, the perpetrators of the violence were boys and the victims were girls, we gained a far more comprehensive picture of how GBV was perpetrated at schools. The participants provided us with fresh insights into the complexities of GBV and highlighted the extent to which sociocultural factors have an impact on SRGBV. An important conclusion from this study is that there are multiple and qualitatively different pathways to the enactment of GBV, and it is important to understand these dynamics if school violence prevention interventions are to be effective. This study recommends an integrated, comprehensive approach by all stakeholders in the form of educational intervention programmes towards the eradication of school gender-based violence. It is vital to include boys in these programmes for them to understand the importance of healthy relationships and to break free from harmful stereotypes. Parents, educators, coaches and policymakers play a role in challenging the belief that boys and mens violence is normal.Item The leftovers, reimagined : an exploration of perceptions and representation of race and gender within a South African context, in the work of selected artists(2021-08) Ruiters, Ashleigh Danielle; Olalere, Folasayo Enoch; Farouk, IsmailThis study uses my artistic practice to explore and critique my own lived experiences as a person of colour (POC) in South Africa, specifically focusing on being a woman within this context. In exploring this in my practice, I draw from contemporary artists that use reimagination, reclamation and re-representation in their work and contemporary artists that implement archival methods in their practice. The criteria used to select contemporary artists used in this study was based on the conceptual and practical nature of the artists’ works. Consequently, the chosen artists explore themes of POC experiences and address representation. Reflecting on my personal lived experiences as a South African woman, POC plays a significant role in my practical work. As a politically Black, culturally Coloured1 South African woman, I artistically explore the formation of my intersectional identity, how I navigate acceptance and belonging in this context and how my identity can be reclaimed or reimagined through my art practice. I also analyse and explore other contemporary artists who use re-imagination and reclamation of identity as central themes in their work. As a study that employs a practice-based research methodology with an emergent design, this Fine Art study centres on my art practice. In this study, I used theoretical research to inform my art practice. The output of this research is a physical exhibition, consisting of photographs that form part of my counter-archive, The Left Overs Reimagined as well as installations, and this dissertation. This study argues that various forms of media often misrepresent or overlook people, women and communities of colour and their lived experiences. Through this study, I hope to re-imagine, challenge, and re-present perceptions of POC lived experience through my own lived experiences and my family archive. The outcomes of this research are a virtual online archive and physical exhibition of the photographs, installations and videos, and this dissertation. In my thesis, I have moved away from the conventional terminology used in traditional thesis structures. Thus, I have exchanged the work 'chapter' for the word 'part'. In addition, I have also given each part of my dissertation a title that corresponds with a dining course (meal). I got this inspiration from the title of my thesis, The Left Overs, Reimagined. It insinuates that my master's thesis is a five-course meal.Item Developing an index on male partner involvement for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Zimbabwe(2021-12) Chibango, Vimbai; Potgieter, CherylMeasuring male partner involvement (MPI) for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV remains a challenge as there is no universal instrument to measure this concept. The study underpinned by the Gender and Development theory (GAD), utilised a mixed method design aimed at developing the first index for measuring MPI in PMTCT in Zimbabwe. Eight focus group discussions with men and women from diverse community groups were conducted. In addition, seven key informant interviews were conducted with managers from institutions providing PMTCT services. A ten-item tool was administered to a separate 331 respondents. Using factor analysis, seven items were extracted from a list of ten binary questions which described various activities linked to MPI in PMTCT programmes. The index, which is seen as a work in progress has strength in its inclusion of items that addressed antenatal and postnatal activities, which are crucial for the prevention of paediatric HIV.